CTo make the oxygen more concentrated before it reaches the lungs
DTo stop the airways and secretions from drying out
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
A woman leaks small amounts of urine when she coughs, sneezes or laughs. Which type of incontinence is this?
AOverflow incontinence
BStress incontinence
CFunctional incontinence
DUrge incontinence
3.臨床看護学ふつう
In suspected sepsis, what should ideally be collected before the first dose of antibiotics, as long as it does not delay treatment?
ABlood cultures
BA fasting cholesterol level
CA stool sample for occult blood
DA 24-hour urine collection
4.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient with lung cancer develops swelling of the face and arms, distended neck veins and breathlessness that is worse lying down. What should be suspected?
A patient with hyperkalemia received IV regular insulin with dextrose. Which result must the nurse monitor closely over the next hours?
ASerum calcium, because it falls sharply
BHemoglobin, because insulin causes red cell loss
CBlood glucose, because hypoglycemia can occur
DSerum sodium, because it rises quickly
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
Which patient should the nurse assess first?
AHeart failure with a BNP lower than the result on admission
BHypertension with a potassium of 3.6 mEq/L on a thiazide
CChest pain with troponin rising from the first to the second sample
DStable angina with a total cholesterol of 245 mg/dL (6.3 mmol/L)
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: D · To stop the airways and secretions from drying out
これが答えになる理由
Dry gas at high flow dries the mucous membranes and thickens secretions. Humidification keeps the airways moist and secretions easier to clear.
答え
D · To stop the airways and secretions from drying out
2.基礎看護学
答え: B · Stress incontinence
これが答えになる理由
Stress incontinence occurs when raised abdominal pressure overcomes weak pelvic floor support. Pelvic floor exercises are a first-line treatment. Urge incontinence is a sudden strong need to void.
答え
B · Stress incontinence
3.臨床看護学
答え: A · Blood cultures
これが答えになる理由
Blood cultures taken before antibiotics are more likely to grow the organism, which allows targeted treatment later. Antibiotics should still be given promptly and must not be delayed.
答え
A · Blood cultures
4.臨床看護学
答え: C · Superior vena cava obstruction
これが答えになる理由
Superior vena cava obstruction prevents venous drainage from the head and arms. It is an oncological emergency; patients are positioned upright and need urgent specialist treatment.
答え: D · Stop the magnesium infusion and call for help
これが答えになる理由
Loss of deep tendon reflexes and slow breathing suggest magnesium toxicity. The nurse stops the infusion, supports breathing and escalates; calcium gluconate is the antidote kept ready.
答え
D · Stop the magnesium infusion and call for help
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · A possible myocardial infarction that needs urgent action
これが答えになる理由
Chest pain that lasts and is not relieved by rest or nitroglycerin suggests acute coronary syndrome, possibly a heart attack. The nurse acts at once: ECG, escalation and prescribed treatment.
答え
B · A possible myocardial infarction that needs urgent action
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · Use the hand lotion approved by the facility to keep the skin intact
これが答えになる理由
Cracked skin is harder to clean and harbors more organisms. Facility-approved lotions help keep the skin healthy without reducing the effect of hand antiseptics such as chlorhexidine.
答え
C · Use the hand lotion approved by the facility to keep the skin intact
答え: C · Blood glucose, because hypoglycemia can occur
これが答えになる理由
Insulin shifts potassium into cells but also lowers glucose, and hypoglycemia can occur hours later, especially in kidney failure. Glucose is checked frequently, and potassium is rechecked, as the effect lasts only a few hours.確認に用いた資料:High potassium level · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
C · Blood glucose, because hypoglycemia can occur
18.検査値と電解質
答え: C · Chest pain with troponin rising from the first to the second sample
これが答えになる理由
A rising troponin with chest pain indicates acute myocardial injury, possibly infarction, which needs urgent assessment and treatment. High cholesterol is a long-term risk, a falling BNP shows improvement, and a potassium of 3.6 mEq/L is normal.確認に用いた資料:Troponin Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2023)
答え
C · Chest pain with troponin rising from the first to the second sample