A patient says, "I've never seen this tablet before," as the nurse offers it. What should the nurse do?
AStop and recheck the prescription before giving it
BGive half the tablet until the doctor visits
CReassure the patient that the tablet is correct and give it
DLeave the tablet on the table for the patient to take later
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
An older woman with severe arthritis has normal bladder control but wets herself because she cannot reach the toilet in time. Which type of incontinence is this?
AUrge incontinence
BOverflow incontinence
CFunctional incontinence
DStress incontinence
3.臨床看護学ふつう
Which of these is a non-drug measure that can help relieve pain?
A patient at 32 weeks of pregnancy feels dizzy and faint while lying flat on her back. What should the nurse do first?
ASit her upright with her head between her knees
BGive her a sugary drink and keep her flat
CTurn her onto her left side
DRaise her legs while she stays on her back
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A patient with diabetes will use lancets and insulin needles at home. Which teaching about disposal is correct?
AFlush the used lancets and needles down the toilet
BRecap each needle with two hands before putting it in the kitchen trash
CPut them in a puncture-resistant container with a lid and follow local disposal rules
DPut them loose in the household trash bag, as long as the bag is tied shut
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A patient who speaks little English is being discharged with new medications. The patient’s 12-year-old child offers to interpret. What should the nurse do?
AUse simple English and many hand gestures
BLet the child interpret, because the family prefers it
A patient's results: sodium 140 mEq/L, chloride 100 mEq/L, bicarbonate 12 mEq/L. What is the anion gap, and what does it suggest?
A52 mEq/L, a very high anion gap
B40 mEq/L, a high anion gap
C28 mEq/L, a high anion gap
D12 mEq/L, a normal anion gap
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: A · Stop and recheck the prescription before giving it
これが答えになる理由
A patient questioning a medicine may be a sign of an error. The nurse holds the dose, checks the prescription and the drug and explains before giving it.
答え
A · Stop and recheck the prescription before giving it
2.基礎看護学
答え: C · Functional incontinence
これが答えになる理由
Functional incontinence is caused by problems outside the urinary tract, such as poor mobility or confusion. A commode near the bed, easy clothing and regular toileting help.
答え
C · Functional incontinence
3.臨床看護学
答え: D · Repositioning and distraction
これが答えになる理由
Positioning, heat or cold where safe, relaxation, distraction and explanation can all reduce pain alongside analgesics.
2:1 房室ブロック:QRS 1 つに P 波が 2 つあるとき、伝導した P 波が連続しないので、伝導されなかった P 波の前で PR が延びるか(I 型)、一定か(II 型)を判断できません。1 枚の波形からは 2:1 房室ブロックと呼びます。型は、より長い波形や伝導比の変化で決まります。QRS の幅が狭ければ I 型の可能性が高く、広ければ II 型の可能性が高いのですが、どちらも決め手にはなりません。
5つのステップ
1. 心拍数:R–R = 小さいマス目 40 個、1500 ÷ 40 ≈ 38 回/分。
2. リズム:整。すべての R–R は 1.60 秒です。
3. P波:陽性で整(P–P 0.80 秒、75 回/分)。QRS 1つにつき2個あります。
4. PR 間隔:伝導された拍では 0.16 秒で一定です。
5. QRS:0.10 秒で幅が狭い(0.12 秒未満)。
型が決まらない理由
2 つに 1 つの P 波が伝導されないので、伝導した拍動が連続せず、PR の延長を確認できません。
2:1 房室ブロック(型は特定不能)
答え
2:1 房室ブロック(型は特定不能)
QRS の幅が狭ければ I 型の可能性が高く、広ければ II 型の可能性が高いのですが、決め手になるのは、より長い波形か伝導比の変化だけです。
Lying on the back lets the uterus compress the inferior vena cava, reducing blood return to the heart. Turning to the left side relieves the pressure and restores the blood pressure.
答え
C · Turn her onto her left side
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · Put them in a puncture-resistant container with a lid and follow local disposal rules
これが答えになる理由
Home sharps go into a puncture-resistant container, such as an approved sharps container or a rigid plastic bottle if local rules allow, which is closed and disposed of according to local guidance.
答え
C · Put them in a puncture-resistant container with a lid and follow local disposal rules
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Use a professional medical interpreter
これが答えになる理由
Professional medical interpreters reduce errors and protect privacy. Children and other family members may translate wrongly, leave things out or be placed in a difficult position.
The anion gap is 140 − (100 + 12) = 28 mEq/L; a typical normal value is about 8–12 mEq/L when potassium is not included. A high anion gap metabolic acidosis suggests unmeasured acids, for example ketones in DKA or lactate in shock.確認に用いた資料:Anion Gap Blood Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)