A man skips bowel cancer screening because he feels healthy and thinks cancer will not happen to him. Which Health Belief Model concept best explains this?
ALow perceived susceptibility
BHigh self-efficacy
CHigh perceived benefits
DStrong cues to action
3.臨床看護学ふつう
Why is an ankle–brachial pressure index (ABPI) measured before applying compression bandages to a leg ulcer?
ATo check for a urinary tract infection that could delay ulcer healing
BTo measure how deep the ulcer is and how much exudate it produces
CTo exclude significant arterial disease, as compression could cut off blood flow
DTo work out the patient's fluid needs
4.臨床看護学むずかしい
A catheterised postoperative patient has passed only 10 mL of urine in the last two hours. What should the nurse check first?
AThat the catheter and tubing are not kinked or blocked
BWhether the patient has eaten breakfast
CThe patient's weight from last year
DThe patient's cholesterol level from the admission bloods
In the Health Belief Model, people act when they believe they are susceptible to a serious condition and that action will help. Low perceived susceptibility reduces the chance of screening.
答え
A · Low perceived susceptibility
3.臨床看護学
答え: C · To exclude significant arterial disease, as compression could cut off blood flow
これが答えになる理由
ABPI compares ankle and arm blood pressures. A low result suggests arterial insufficiency, where compression could cause ischaemia; venous ulcers with adequate arterial supply are treated with compression.
答え
C · To exclude significant arterial disease, as compression could cut off blood flow
4.臨床看護学
答え: A · That the catheter and tubing are not kinked or blocked
これが答えになる理由
A sudden fall in catheter output may be due to a kinked, clamped or blocked catheter. If it is draining freely, the nurse assesses fluid status and vital signs and escalates possible hypovolaemia or AKI.
答え
A · That the catheter and tubing are not kinked or blocked
答え: B · Two patients who both have C. difficile infection
これが答えになる理由
Cohorting patients with the same organism is acceptable when single rooms are not available. The other pairs would expose a vulnerable patient to an infection.
答え
B · Two patients who both have C. difficile infection
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · Check that a swallow screen has been done before giving anything by mouth
これが答えになる理由
After a stroke, the patient stays NPO (nothing by mouth) until a swallow screen shows it is safe. Giving fluids first risks aspiration, even with a straw or thickener.
答え
A · Check that a swallow screen has been done before giving anything by mouth
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · Low body temperature reduces blood flow and immune function in the wound
これが答えになる理由
Hypothermia causes vasoconstriction and less oxygen in the wound, which weakens the immune defense. Keeping the patient warm is linked to fewer surgical site infections.
答え
B · Low body temperature reduces blood flow and immune function in the wound
When warfarin is started or its dose changes, the INR is checked frequently (often every few days) until it is stable in the target range. After that, the interval can be extended, often up to every 4 weeks or longer if very stable.
答え
D · Every few days, until it is stable
18.検査値と電解質
答え: C · "I'll check my temperature rectally to be accurate"
これが答えになる理由
Rectal temperatures, suppositories and enemas are avoided in neutropenia, because injury to the rectal mucosa can let bacteria into the blood. Prompt reporting of fever, hand hygiene and avoiding sick contacts are correct.
答え
C · "I'll check my temperature rectally to be accurate"