A patient with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator asks what to do if it fires. Which teaching is correct?
AIgnore any shock at all, because the device is designed to fire every day and needs no follow-up
BDrive straight to hospital alone after any shock so the device can be checked by the team
COne shock and well: contact the device clinic; repeated shocks or unwell: call emergency services
DRemove the device battery at home if it fires more than once
8.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A patient on an unfractionated heparin infusion has a nosebleed that will not stop, and the aPTT is far above the target range. What is the most appropriate action?
AContinue the infusion at the same rate and pack the nose firmly
BGive vitamin K and continue the infusion at a slightly lower rate
CIncrease the infusion, as the aPTT will settle
DStop the infusion, inform the prescriber and anticipate protamine
NEWS2(National Early Warning Score 2、英国王立内科医協会 2017年):7つのパラメータ(呼吸数、スケール1での SpO₂、空気吸入か酸素投与か、収縮期血圧、脈拍、ACVPU スケールによる意識、体温)をそれぞれチャートで採点し、合計します。臨床的リスク:0~4は低い、1つのパラメータでも3点なら低~中、5~6は中等度、7以上は高い。合計5点以上では緊急の対応が必要です。
各項目を採点する
RR 32/min → 3
SpO₂ 99% → 0
空気吸入 → 0
SBP 136 mmHg → 0
HR 58/min → 0
意識清明 (A) → 0
T 39.0 °C → 1
合計点と赤の点数(単独で3点)
NEWS2 = 3 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 1 = 4
少なくとも1つのパラメータが3点です。
リスク群
低~中
答え
低~中
単独で3点がある場合は、合計が低くても緊急の診察が必要です。
7.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: C · One shock and well: contact the device clinic; repeated shocks or unwell: call emergency services
これが答えになる理由
A single shock with full recovery usually needs a call to the device team. Several shocks in a short time, or a shock with chest pain, breathlessness or collapse, needs emergency help. Patients should not drive themselves after a shock.
答え
C · One shock and well: contact the device clinic; repeated shocks or unwell: call emergency services
8.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: D · Stop the infusion, inform the prescriber and anticipate protamine
これが答えになる理由
With bleeding and a high aPTT, the heparin infusion is stopped at once and the prescriber informed. Because heparin's effect wears off within hours, stopping is often enough, but protamine sulfate can reverse it. Vitamin K reverses warfarin, not heparin.
答え
D · Stop the infusion, inform the prescriber and anticipate protamine