Dot product:a·b = axbx + ayby + azbz = |a|·|b|·cos θ, a scalar. It gives the angle between two vectors, cos θ = a·b/(|a|·|b|), and it is zero when they are perpendicular. The scalar projection of a onto b is a·b/|b|, and a constant force F moving through a displacement d does work W = F·d.
変位
d = B − A = (−5, 0, −5) − (1, −1, 2) = (−6, 1, −7) m
仕事
W = F·d = 15·(−6) + 20·1 + 15·(−7) = −175 J
答え
W = −175 J
負の仕事:力はおもに運動に逆らって作用しています。
2.ベクトル:内積と外積
答え: A = 21.79
Cross product:a × b = (aybz − azby, azbx − axbz, axby − aybx) is perpendicular to both vectors, and |a × b| = |a|·|b|·sin θ is the area of the parallelogram they span (the triangle has half of it). Order matters: b × a = −(a × b). The moment of a force F applied at point A about point O is MO = r × F, with r = A − O.