Dot product:a·b = axbx + ayby + azbz = |a|·|b|·cos θ, a scalar. It gives the angle between two vectors, cos θ = a·b/(|a|·|b|), and it is zero when they are perpendicular. The scalar projection of a onto b is a·b/|b|, and a constant force F moving through a displacement d does work W = F·d.
変位
d = B − A = (5, −2, 2) − (−5, 3, 3) = (10, −5, −1) m
仕事
W = F·d = 10·10 + (−15)·(−5) + (−20)·(−1) = 195 J
答え
W = 195 J
2.ベクトル:内積と外積
答え: Mx = −40 N·m
Cross product:a × b = (aybz − azby, azbx − axbz, axby − aybx) is perpendicular to both vectors, and |a × b| = |a|·|b|·sin θ is the area of the parallelogram they span (the triangle has half of it). Order matters: b × a = −(a × b). The moment of a force F applied at point A about point O is MO = r × F, with r = A − O.
MA = 0, MB = 45, MC = 78, MD = 99, ME = 108 kN·m, MF = 60, MG = 0
答え
点 E: ME = 108 kN·m
10.せん断力と曲げモーメント
答え: Mmax = 52.5 kN·m
断面法:内力を求めたい位置ではりを切断し、片側を残します。せん断力 V はその側の鉛直力と、曲げモーメント M はそれらの切断面まわりのモーメントとつり合います。 最大曲げモーメント:dM/dx = V なので、曲げモーメントはせん断力が 0 を通過する位置、つまり集中荷重の位置か分布荷重の区間内で最大になります。