Dot product:a·b = axbx + ayby + azbz = |a|·|b|·cos θ, a scalar. It gives the angle between two vectors, cos θ = a·b/(|a|·|b|), and it is zero when they are perpendicular. The scalar projection of a onto b is a·b/|b|, and a constant force F moving through a displacement d does work W = F·d.
内積
a·b = 7·(−1) + (−3)·1 + (−3)·(−4) = 2
b の長さ
|b| = √((−1)² + 1² + (−4)²) = 4.243
スカラー射影
compb a = a·b/|b| = 2/4.243 = 0.4714
答え
compb a = 0.4714
2.ベクトル:内積と外積
答え: A = 5.385 m²
Cross product:a × b = (aybz − azby, azbx − axbz, axby − aybx) is perpendicular to both vectors, and |a × b| = |a|·|b|·sin θ is the area of the parallelogram they span (the triangle has half of it). Order matters: b × a = −(a × b). The moment of a force F applied at point A about point O is MO = r × F, with r = A − O.