Dot product:a·b = axbx + ayby + azbz = |a|·|b|·cos θ, a scalar. It gives the angle between two vectors, cos θ = a·b/(|a|·|b|), and it is zero when they are perpendicular. The scalar projection of a onto b is a·b/|b|, and a constant force F moving through a displacement d does work W = F·d.
内積
a·b = 4·0 + (−2)·(−2) + (−5)·6 = −26
大きさ
|a| = √(4² + (−2)² + (−5)²) = 6.708
|b| = √(0² + (−2)² + 6²) = 6.325
位相角
cos θ = −26/(6.708·6.325) = −0.6128
θ = arccos(−0.6128) = 127.8°
答え
θ = 127.8°
2.ベクトル:内積と外積
答え: (a × b)y = 24
Cross product:a × b = (aybz − azby, azbx − axbz, axby − aybx) is perpendicular to both vectors, and |a × b| = |a|·|b|·sin θ is the area of the parallelogram they span (the triangle has half of it). Order matters: b × a = −(a × b). The moment of a force F applied at point A about point O is MO = r × F, with r = A − O.