一致と代名詞の格を確かめるために、句(of the …, along with …)や、余分な人(you and …)を取り除きましょう。
各節を確認します:単独で成り立ちますか? 独立節は、コンマ+接続詞またはセミコロンでつなぎます。
修飾語とリストを確認します:説明する句はその語の隣に、項目は同じ形にそろえます。
語の選択と文体では、正確でフォーマルな、簡潔な選択肢を選びましょう。
医療の語彙(入学試験)
解き方
文全体を読み、文脈の手がかりを探します:定義、対比、例、原因と結果。
知らない単語を接頭辞・語根・接尾辞に分け、それぞれの意味を考えます。
医学用語は、接尾辞から先頭に向かって読みます(hepat-itis:肝臓の炎症)。
各選択肢を文に当てはめて、意味が通るか確かめます。
その語に日常的な別の意味があっても、この文で使われている意味を選びます。
2演習問題
1.読解(入学試験)ふつう
Unlike most fish, the salmon is born in fresh water, travels to the ocean to grow and then returns to the same river to lay its eggs. Which choice best summarises the passage?
ASalmon are born in the ocean and later die in fresh-water rivers.
BSalmon are the only fish that lay eggs.
CSalmon move between rivers and the ocean during their lives.
DSalmon spend their whole lives in the ocean.
2.読解(入学試験)むずかしい
“The village had relied on fishing for centuries. When the fish stocks collapsed, young people moved to the cities, the school closed, and only the old harbour remained busy with memories.” What is the tone of the passage?
答え: D · Homologous pairs line up randomly, so gametes get different mixes of chromosomes
これが答えになる理由
In metaphase I, each homologous pair lines up with its maternal or paternal chromosome facing either pole by chance. So each gamete receives a random mix of maternal and paternal chromosomes.
答え
D · Homologous pairs line up randomly, so gametes get different mixes of chromosomes
10.看護学校入学試験のための生物
答え: C · Their immune response is too weak to control normally harmless microbes
これが答えになる理由
Helper T cells activate B cells and cytotoxic T cells. When they are lost, the immune system cannot control microbes that it would normally keep in check, leading to opportunistic infections.
答え
C · Their immune response is too weak to control normally harmless microbes
11.看護学校入学試験のための化学
答え: A · 1 × 10⁻² mol/L
これが答えになる理由
If pH = 2, then [H⁺] = 10⁻² = 0.01 mol/L. The pH is the negative exponent of the hydrogen ion concentration.
答え
A · 1 × 10⁻² mol/L
12.看護学校入学試験のための化学
答え: C · 4 × 10⁸
これが答えになる理由
8 ÷ 2 = 4, and 10⁶ ÷ 10⁻² = 10⁶⁻⁽⁻²⁾ = 10⁸. So the answer is 4 × 10⁸. Subtracting a negative exponent adds to it.
答え
C · 4 × 10⁸
13.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)
答え: D · 12,500
これが答えになる理由
American style uses commas to group digits by thousands (12,500) and a period as the decimal point (12.5).
答え
D · 12,500
14.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)
答え: C · The nurse checked the chart and then gave the medication.
これが答えになる理由
A keeps both verbs in the active voice with “the nurse” as the subject. B and D still mix passive and active, and C stays passive in the second clause.
答え
C · The nurse checked the chart and then gave the medication.
15.医療の語彙(入学試験)
答え: B · Involuntary shaking
これが答えになる理由
A tremor is an involuntary, rhythmic shaking of a body part.
答え
B · Involuntary shaking
16.医療の語彙(入学試験)
答え: B · Not supported by evidence
これが答えになる理由
Unsubstantiated claims lack supporting evidence.
答え
B · Not supported by evidence
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