解答つき看護学校入学試験のための生物ワークシート

What is natural selection?

1. AAnimals choosing which mates they like best, so traits change at random
2. BOrganisms changing their genes when they need to
3. CIndividuals with helpful traits survive and reproduce more
4. DHumans breeding plants for useful traits

Which list gives the main taxonomic ranks from broadest to most specific?

1. ADomain, phylum, kingdom, order, class, genus, family, species
2. BKingdom, domain, class, phylum, family, order, species, genus
3. CDomain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
4. DSpecies, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain

What is a haploid cell?

1. AA cell with no nucleus
2. BA cell with one set of chromosomes
3. CA cell with an extra chromosome
4. DA cell with two sets of chromosomes

In a food chain, which organisms are the producers?

1. AFungi that break down dead material
2. BAnimals that eat only plants, such as rabbits and deer
3. CPlants and algae that make food by photosynthesis
4. DPredators at the top of the chain

What is a prion?

1. AA misfolded protein that causes normal proteins to misfold
2. BA bacterium without a cell wall that lives inside nerve cells
3. CA very small virus with a DNA genome
4. DA fungal spore that infects the brain

Why are G–C base pairs held together more strongly than A–T pairs?

1. AG and C are both purines, so they fit more tightly
2. BA–T pairs are found only in RNA
3. CG–C pairs are joined by strong covalent bonds instead of hydrogen bonds
4. DG–C pairs form three hydrogen bonds, and A–T pairs form two

Why can standard DNA profiling not tell identical twins apart?

1. AOnly one twin inherits the father's DNA
2. BIdentical twins come from one zygote and have the same DNA
3. CTwins always share the same fingerprints on their hands
4. DIdentical twins have no non-coding DNA

植物細胞を純水に入れた。動物細胞のように破裂しないのはなぜか。

1. A細胞が満たされるにつれて細胞壁が押し返し、細胞が張る（膨圧がかかる）から
2. B植物細胞には細胞膜がないから
3. C液胞がすべての水をすぐに外へ汲み出すから
4. D水は植物細胞に入れないから