解答つき看護学校入学試験のための化学ワークシート

Which positive ion is found in the highest concentration inside most body cells?

1. ASodium (Na⁺)
2. BPotassium (K⁺)
3. CMagnesium (Mg²⁺)
4. DCalcium (Ca²⁺)

What causes the pressure of a gas in a container?

1. AGas particles sticking to the walls
2. BThe weight of the container pressing on the gas inside
3. CGas particles colliding with the container walls
4. DGas particles stopping and pushing outward

What is the name for the attraction of water molecules to each other?

1. AAdhesion
2. BCohesion
3. CDiffusion
4. DOsmosis

When mercury(II) oxide is heated, it reacts as 2HgO → 2Hg + O₂. What type of reaction is this?

1. ASingle replacement
2. BSynthesis
3. CCombustion
4. DDecomposition

Why does water boil at a lower temperature at the top of a high mountain?

1. AThere is less oxygen dissolved in the water up there
2. BThe air pressure is lower, so less vapour pressure is needed to boil
3. CThe air is colder, so the water loses heat and boils sooner
4. DGravity is weaker, so the molecules escape more easily

吸熱過程を説明しているのはどれか。

1. A熱を吸収するため、周囲が冷たく感じられる
2. B熱を放出するため、周囲が温かく感じられる
3. C非常に高い温度でしか起こらない
4. Dエネルギーを吸収も放出もしない

Cotton soaked in ammonia (NH₃) and cotton soaked in hydrogen chloride (HCl) are placed at opposite ends of a glass tube. A white ring of ammonium chloride forms closer to the HCl end. What does this show?

1. AThe white ring forms where the gases are heaviest
2. BThe lighter NH₃ molecules diffuse faster than HCl molecules
3. CBoth gases diffuse at the same speed
4. DThe HCl molecules diffuse faster than NH₃ molecules

Ethanol (CH₃CH₂OH) and dimethyl ether (CH₃OCH₃) have the same formula, C₂H₆O, but ethanol boils at a much higher temperature. Why?

1. AEthanol has more carbon atoms
2. BDimethyl ether is ionic and ethanol is covalent
3. CEthanol molecules are heavier than dimethyl ether molecules
4. DEthanol has an O–H group, so its molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other