1.やさしい
On an ECG, what does the P wave represent?
- AAtrial depolarisation
- BVentricular repolarisation
- CVentricular depolarisation
- DClosure of the heart valves
2.やさしい
What is the normal pH range of arterial blood?
- A7.55–7.65
- B7.35–7.45
- C6.85–6.95
- D7.00–7.10
3.やさしい
The MUST tool is used to screen adults for:
- ADepression
- BRisk of falls
- CMalnutrition
- DPressure ulcer risk
4.ふつう
Why can a very low serum albumin contribute to oedema?
- AIt makes the kidneys retain potassium
- BIt increases the number of red cells
- CIt raises the blood pressure in the capillaries and pushes fluid out
- DIt lowers the oncotic pressure that holds fluid in the blood vessels
5.ふつう
A patient is prescribed two different eye drops at the same time. What is correct?
- AGive both drops at once into the same eye
- BGive one drop now and the other the next day
- CWait about five minutes between the two drops
- DMix the two drops in one bottle
6.ふつう
A spontaneously breathing patient is critically ill and hypoxic. Which oxygen delivery gives the highest concentration?
- AVenturi mask set to 24%
- BNon-rebreathe mask with reservoir bag at 15 L/min
- CSimple face mask at 5 L/min with the patient sitting up
- DNasal cannula at 2 L/min
7.むずかしい
How should pain be assessed in a patient with advanced dementia who cannot describe it?
- ABy checking the blood pressure only
- BBy asking the patient to rate their pain on a numerical scale from 0 to 10
- CBy assuming the patient has no pain unless they are crying out or calling for help
- DWith an observational pain tool that scores facial expression, behaviour and body language
8.むずかしい
A patient taking dapagliflozin is vomiting and unwell, with high blood ketones and a blood glucose of only 11 mmol/L (198 mg/dL). What should be suspected?
- AHypoglycaemia
- BEuglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis
- CSimple gastroenteritis with no further concern
- DHyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state
解答
- 1. A · Atrial depolarisation
- 2. B · 7.35–7.45
- 3. C · Malnutrition
- 4. D · It lowers the oncotic pressure that holds fluid in the blood vessels
- 5. C · Wait about five minutes between the two drops
- 6. B · Non-rebreathe mask with reservoir bag at 15 L/min
- 7. D · With an observational pain tool that scores facial expression, behaviour and body language
- 8. B · Euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis
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