1.やさしい
On an ECG, what does the P wave represent?
- AVentricular depolarisation
- BVentricular repolarisation
- CAtrial depolarisation
- DClosure of the heart valves
2.やさしい
What does "dysphagia" mean?
- ADifficulty speaking
- BDifficulty swallowing
- CPain when passing urine
- DDifficulty breathing
3.やさしい
A medicine given "transdermally" is given:
- AInto the rectum
- BInto a muscle
- CUnder the tongue, where it dissolves
- DThrough the skin, usually from a patch
4.ふつう
Which blood result often rises in an upper GI bleed because blood is digested in the gut?
- ASodium
- BCalcium
- CUrea (blood urea nitrogen)
- DGlucose
5.ふつう
患者の水分出納表では、24 時間の摂取量が 1,200 mL、排出量が 2,300 mL です。これは何を示していますか?
- A釣り合った水分状態
- B3,500 mL のプラスバランス
- C1,100 mL のプラスバランス
- D1,100 mL のマイナスバランス
6.ふつう
Why is continuous bladder irrigation used after a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)?
- ATo stretch the bladder back to its normal size
- BTo stop blood clots from blocking the catheter
- CTo measure the patient's kidney function
- DTo give antibiotics directly into the kidneys
7.むずかしい
A patient with a central venous catheter needs the line removed. Which position reduces the risk of air embolism during removal of a neck or chest line?
- ALying on the right side with the legs raised
- BSitting fully upright and taking a deep breath in as the line comes out
- CLying flat or slightly head-down, holding the breath or breathing out
- DStanding up and walking
8.むずかしい
Which sign is often a late finding in hypovolaemic shock in a young, previously fit adult?
- AA slightly raised respiratory rate
- BA fall in blood pressure
- CCool peripheries
- DA rise in heart rate
解答
- 1. C · Atrial depolarisation
- 2. B · Difficulty swallowing
- 3. D · Through the skin, usually from a patch
- 4. C · Urea (blood urea nitrogen)
- 5. D · 1,100 mL のマイナスバランス
- 6. B · To stop blood clots from blocking the catheter
- 7. C · Lying flat or slightly head-down, holding the breath or breathing out
- 8. B · A fall in blood pressure
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