1.やさしい
When monitoring fluid balance, a rapid gain of 1 kg in body weight roughly equals:
- A100 mL of retained fluid
- B10 mL of retained fluid
- C5 litres of retained fluid
- D1 litre of retained fluid
2.やさしい
The term "bradycardia" in an adult means a heart rate:
- ABelow 60 beats per minute
- BThat is irregularly irregular
- CAbove 100 beats per minute
- DBetween 60 and 100 beats per minute
3.やさしい
Postural (orthostatic) hypotension is a drop in blood pressure that happens:
- AOnly during heavy exercise or climbing stairs
- BAfter eating a large meal
- COn standing up from lying or sitting
- DOnly during deep sleep
4.ふつう
Which of these is one of the "4 Hs", the reversible causes of cardiac arrest?
- AHyperventilation
- BHyperthyroidism
- CHypoxia
- DHypertension
5.ふつう
When a patient returns to the ward from theatre, what should the nurse assess first?
- AAirway, breathing, circulation and level of consciousness
- BThe discharge date
- CThe patient's dietary preferences for the next meal
- DWhether visitors are waiting to see the patient
6.ふつう
Which pattern is typical of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis?
- AConstant weakness that starts in the feet and spreads upwards after a viral illness
- BSudden severe headache with neck stiffness
- CAttacks of symptoms, such as visual loss or numbness, that improve between relapses
- DA single stroke that leaves permanent weakness
7.むずかしい
An older patient found on the floor after lying there for many hours has dark brown urine and a very high creatine kinase. What is the main risk?
- AA urinary tract infection from lying in urine
- BHypoglycaemia
- CAcute kidney injury from rhabdomyolysis
- DA stroke
8.むずかしい
A patient's hypoglycaemia was caused by a sulfonylurea such as gliclazide or glipizide. Why might they need monitoring for longer than usual?
- AThe drug makes glucose tablets and drinks ineffective
- BSulfonylureas only work at night
- CThe drug causes rebound hyperglycaemia later the same day
- DSulfonylureas act for a long time, so hypoglycaemia can recur
解答
- 1. D · 1 litre of retained fluid
- 2. A · Below 60 beats per minute
- 3. C · On standing up from lying or sitting
- 4. C · Hypoxia
- 5. A · Airway, breathing, circulation and level of consciousness
- 6. C · Attacks of symptoms, such as visual loss or numbness, that improve between relapses
- 7. C · Acute kidney injury from rhabdomyolysis
- 8. D · Sulfonylureas act for a long time, so hypoglycaemia can recur
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