解答つき感染管理と患者の安全ワークシート

Why are patients usually kept nil by mouth (NPO) for a period before general anesthesia?

1. ATo make the patient lose weight before surgery
2. BTo lower the risk of a wound infection
3. CTo prevent the patient from needing the toilet
4. DTo reduce the risk of aspirating stomach contents

In The Joint Commission’s (US) terminology, what is a sentinel event?

1. AAn error that is caught before it reaches the patient
2. BAn expected side effect that was explained to the patient
3. CAn unexpected event causing death or serious physical or psychological harm
4. DA minor error that reaches the patient but causes no harm of any kind at all

Surgical instruments that enter sterile tissue are “critical” items. Which processing do they need before reuse?

1. ALow-level disinfection
2. BSterilization
3. CHigh-level disinfection
4. DCleaning with detergent and water only

Which part of a sterile surgical gown is considered sterile once it is on?

1. AOnly the back of the gown, which nobody touches
2. BThe whole gown, including the back, the collar and the area below the waist
3. CThe front from the neck down to the knees
4. DThe front from chest to the level of the sterile field, and the sleeves

中心静脈カテーテルのハブにアクセスする前に、看護師は何をすべきですか？

1. A何もしない（ハブは滅菌キャップで保護されているから）
2. B乾いた滅菌ガーゼでさっと拭く
3. Cハブを消毒薬でこすり、乾かす
4. Dほこりを取るためにハブにそっと息を吹きかける

A nurse gives part of a dose of an opioid from a vial and must discard the rest. What is correct?

1. ADiscard it alone in the sink and document the amount wasted later in the shift
2. BDiscard it in front of a second licensed (registered) nurse, who witnesses and documents it
3. CKeep the rest for the patient’s next dose
4. DReturn the rest to the patient’s medication drawer

An audit shows poor hand hygiene compliance on a ward. Which plan is most likely to improve it?

1. ARemoving all sinks so staff must use hand rub
2. BDisciplining staff who are seen not cleaning their hands, with no other change
3. CA combined approach with education, hand rub at every bedside, regular audits and feedback
4. DA single poster about hand hygiene placed in the staff room

滅菌手袋が滅菌野の縁に触れたかどうか、看護師には確信がありません。正しい対応はどれですか？

1. A確信がないので、そのまま続ける
2. B見ていたかどうか患者に尋ねる
3. C手袋は汚染されたものとして扱い、交換する
4. D手袋をアルコールで拭く