解答つき検査値と電解質ワークシート

A patient who has not eaten for 2 days has ketones in the urine. What is the most likely reason?

1. AThe bladder has a bacterial infection
2. BThe liver is making too much glucose
3. CThe kidneys are leaking protein
4. DThe body is burning fat for energy

What is a typical reference range for the hematocrit in an adult woman?

1. AAbout 10–15%
2. BAbout 20–28%
3. CAbout 35–45%
4. DAbout 55–65%

成人の総血清カルシウムの典型的な基準範囲はどれですか？

1. A約 1.3–2.1 mg/dL（0.3–0.5 mmol/L）
2. B約 12–16 mg/dL（3.0–4.0 mmol/L）
3. C約 8.5–10.5 mg/dL（2.1–2.6 mmol/L）
4. D約 3.5–5.0 mg/dL（0.87–1.25 mmol/L）

患者の絶対好中球数が 0.4 × 10³/µL です。適切な対応はどれですか？

1. A厳格な手指衛生、体温の確認、感染症のある面会者をなくすこと
2. B測定値がより正確なので、直腸で体温を測定する
3. C肺炎の治療を受けている別の患者と同室にする
4. D患者の気分を上げるため、生花を部屋に持ち込む

A patient is starting dabigatran, a direct oral anticoagulant. Which laboratory test is most important to review before the first dose?

1. ALipase, to rule out an inflamed pancreas first
2. BKidney function (creatinine clearance)
3. CTSH, to rule out an overactive thyroid gland
4. DINR, to set the dose of the anticoagulant

A patient's eGFR has fallen to 24 mL/min/1.73 m². Which prescribed drug should the nurse question before giving it?

1. ALevothyroxine
2. BMetformin
3. CAcetaminophen (paracetamol)
4. DInsulin glargine

Weeks after neck surgery, a patient has muscle cramps and tingling. Calcium is low, phosphate is high and parathyroid hormone (PTH) is low. Which condition fits best?

1. AVitamin D toxicity
2. BChronic kidney disease
3. CHypoparathyroidism
4. DPrimary hyperparathyroidism

An older adult has bone pain, fatigue and frequent infections. Results show anemia, a calcium of 12.4 mg/dL (3.1 mmol/L), a raised total protein and a rising creatinine. Which condition should be suspected?

1. AIron-deficiency anemia
2. BPrimary hypothyroidism
3. CMultiple myeloma
4. DAcute viral hepatitis