解答つき検査値と電解質ワークシート

What is a "critical value" (panic value) in laboratory reporting?

1. AA result that is normal but differs from the patient's last value
2. BAny result that is slightly outside the laboratory reference range
3. CA result that the laboratory could not measure because of a bad sample
4. DA result so abnormal that it may threaten life and needs prompt action

Which condition commonly causes a high serum potassium?

1. ALoop diuretic use
2. BKidney failure
3. CSevere diarrhea
4. DRepeated vomiting

Which tube additive is used for a complete blood count (CBC)?

1. ASodium citrate (usually a light blue top)
2. BEDTA (usually a lavender or purple top)
3. CNo additive, clot activator (red top)
4. DSodium fluoride (usually a gray top)

A patient on hemodialysis has an arteriovenous (AV) fistula in the left arm. Where should the nurse draw routine blood samples?

1. AFrom the left wrist
2. BFrom the left hand
3. CFrom the fistula
4. DFrom the right arm

Which IV fluid can be given through the same line as a red cell transfusion?

1. A5% dextrose in water
2. B0.9% sodium chloride
3. C0.45% sodium chloride
4. DLactated Ringer's (Hartmann's) solution

An older adult takes lisinopril and furosemide and recently started daily ibuprofen for knee pain. The creatinine has risen from 1.0 to 1.8 mg/dL (88 to 159 µmol/L). What is the most likely cause?

1. AA laboratory error, since ibuprofen has no effect on the kidney
2. BThe NSAID reduces kidney blood flow on top of the other two drugs
3. CNormal aging of the kidneys over a period of a few weeks
4. DMore activity has increased the patient's muscle mass quickly

A patient has taken metformin for 8 years and now has numbness in the feet, a hemoglobin of 10.2 g/dL (102 g/L) and an MCV of 108 fL. Which deficiency is most likely?

1. AIron deficiency from gut loss
2. BVitamin K deficiency
3. CVitamin D (calciferol) deficiency
4. DVitamin B₁₂ deficiency

A patient with a heart murmur and fever has three sets of blood cultures, taken hours apart, all growing the same Streptococcus species. What does this suggest?

1. AContamination of all three samples during collection
2. BPersistent bacteremia, as in infective endocarditis
3. CA normal finding in patients with heart murmurs
4. DA urinary tract infection that has spread to the skin