解答つき検査値と電解質ワークシート

What does a raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) show?

1. AInflammation somewhere in the body, without showing where
2. BA low level of iron stored in the bone marrow
3. CA specific infection of the urinary tract by bacteria
4. DDamage to heart muscle within the past few hours

What is a typical reference range for the prothrombin time (PT) in a person not taking anticoagulants?

1. AAbout 2–4 seconds
2. BAbout 3–5 minutes
3. CAbout 11–13.5 seconds
4. DAbout 60–90 seconds

Which form of bilirubin rises mainly when red cells are broken down faster than normal?

1. AUrine bilirubin
2. BStool bilirubin
3. CUnconjugated (indirect)
4. DConjugated (direct)

How does normal pregnancy usually affect serum creatinine?

1. AIt rises, because GFR falls
2. BIt falls, because GFR rises
3. CIt rises with every week
4. DIt stays exactly the same

慢性腎臓病で、血清リン酸の高値には、通常、カルシウムのどのような変化を伴いますか？

1. Aカルシウムの変化はなく、血清カリウムだけが高い
2. Bカルシウムは変化しない
3. C血清カルシウムの上昇
4. D血清カルシウムの低下

A patient has macrocytic anemia with numbness and tingling of the feet and poor balance. Which deficiency is most likely?

1. AIron (low ferritin)
2. BVitamin B₁₂
3. CVitamin C (ascorbic acid)
4. DFolate (folic acid)

The nurse teaches a patient about the HbA1c test. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I must not eat anything for 12 hours before the HbA1c test"
2. B"The test shows my average glucose over the past few months"
3. C"My daily finger-stick readings still matter between the tests"
4. D"A lower result means less risk of damage to my eyes and kidneys"

A patient has a continuous heparin infusion for a pulmonary embolism. A new nurse plans to adjust the infusion using today's INR of 1.1. What should the experienced nurse explain?

1. AHeparin is adjusted using the aPTT or anti-Xa level, not the INR
2. BHeparin needs no laboratory monitoring once the infusion is started
3. CThe INR is the correct test, and 1.1 means heparin is therapeutic
4. DThe INR of 1.1 means the heparin rate must be doubled at once