解答つき検査値と電解質ワークシート

What does the term "left shift" mean on a white cell differential?

1. AMore lymphocytes than neutrophils in the blood
2. BA fall in all the white cell types together
3. CA rise in the number of eosinophils
4. DMore immature neutrophils (bands) than normal

耳の前で顔面神経を叩くと、口の端がぴくっと動きます。この徴候は何と呼ばれ、何を示唆しますか？

1. Aバビンスキー徴候で、低ナトリウムを示唆する
2. Bクボステック徴候で、低カルシウムを示唆する
3. Cトルソー徴候で、高カルシウムを示唆する
4. Dホーマンズ徴候で、高カリウムを示唆する

Which blood marker is the most specific for injury to the heart muscle?

1. ATotal creatine kinase
2. BLactate dehydrogenase
3. CCardiac troponin
4. DSerum myoglobin

A patient with sepsis has a lactate of 2.1 mmol/L on admission and 4.3 mmol/L two hours later, despite IV fluids. What does this suggest?

1. AExpected muscle activity from shivering in fever
2. BA normal response to IV fluids in the first hours
3. CImproving circulation as the fluids start to work
4. DWorsening tissue perfusion that needs urgent reporting

A 55-year-old has a positive fecal immunochemical test (FIT) during routine screening. What is the usual next step?

1. ARepeat the test in 10 years
2. BStart an iron supplement only
3. CReferral for colonoscopy
4. DNo action if there are no symptoms

A patient is scheduled for a liver biopsy. Which laboratory results should the nurse check before the procedure?

1. ASerum sodium and chloride
2. BTSH and free T₄
3. CHbA1c and lipid panel
4. DPlatelet count and PT/INR

患者が大量に吐血して 30 分後に到着しました。心拍数は 125 回/分ですが、最初のヘモグロビンは 13.0 g/dL（130 g/L）です。ヘモグロビンが誤解を招くのはなぜですか？

1. A緊急の状況では、この検査は決して正確でないため
2. B全血が失われるため、値は数時間後にならないと低下しないため
3. Cこの値は、有意な出血がないことを証明するため
4. D出血中はヘモグロビンが上昇し、喪失が隠れるため

The nurse prepares a patient for a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test tomorrow morning. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll stay seated during the test if I can"
2. B"I'll avoid smoking until the test is over"
3. C"I'll fast overnight but can drink plain water"
4. D"I can have a light breakfast before the test"