解答つき検査値と電解質ワークシート

成人の血清アルブミンの典型的な基準範囲はどれですか？

1. A約 8.5–10.5 g/dL（85–105 g/L）
2. B約 0.5–1.0 g/dL（5–10 g/L）
3. C約 3.5–5.0 g/dL（35–50 g/L）
4. D約 12–16 g/dL（120–160 g/L）

Which group of symptoms is linked to hypercalcemia ("stones, bones, groans and moans")?

1. AHeat intolerance, tremor, weight loss and diarrhea
2. BTetany, muscle cramps, tingling and seizures
3. CKidney stones, bone pain, abdominal pain and confusion
4. DJaundice, itching, pale stools and dark urine

A urine dipstick is positive for nitrites. What does this most likely show?

1. ABacteria in the urine that convert nitrate to nitrite
2. BKetones produced from fat breakdown in fasting
3. CRed blood cells leaking from the glomeruli
4. DGlucose spilling into the urine from high blood levels

A patient on carbamazepine becomes confused and has a headache. Which laboratory result would most likely explain this?

1. AA high serum potassium
2. BA low serum sodium
3. CA high serum calcium
4. DA low serum magnesium

A patient with diabetes is found unconscious with a blood glucose of 38 mg/dL (2.1 mmol/L). Which treatment is appropriate?

1. AGlucagon by injection, or IV dextrose as prescribed
2. BGlucose tablets placed between the patient's teeth
3. CA dose of rapid-acting insulin to stabilize the glucose
4. DOrange juice poured slowly into the patient's mouth

慢性腎臓病の患者に、貧血が多いのはなぜですか？

1. A傷んだ腎臓が、赤血球を濾過して破壊するため
2. B腎疾患での高カリウムが、赤血球を壊すため
3. C尿毒症性の毒素により、骨髄が赤血球ではなく白血球を作るようになるため
4. D腎臓が、赤血球の産生を促すエリスロポエチンをあまり作らなくなるため

A patient with thalassemia major has received regular red cell transfusions for years. The ferritin is now very high. What does this most likely show, and what treatment is used?

1. ALiver failure, treated with a liver transplant at once
2. BIron deficiency, treated with IV iron supplements
3. CAcute infection, treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics
4. DIron overload, treated with iron chelation therapy

A child with sickle cell disease and a recent viral illness is pale and tired. The hemoglobin has fallen sharply, and the reticulocyte count is very low. What is the most likely problem?

1. AA normal finding in sickle cell disease
2. BAn aplastic crisis, often caused by parvovirus B19
3. CIron deficiency from a poor diet over months
4. DA vaso-occlusive pain crisis in the bones