解答つき検査値と電解質ワークシート

Which blood group's plasma can be given to patients of any ABO group (universal plasma donor)?

1. AGroup AB
2. BGroup A
3. CGroup B
4. DGroup O

What is the main purpose of a Gram stain?

1. ATo sort bacteria quickly into gram-positive or negative
2. BTo test which antibiotics a bacterium is sensitive to
3. CTo detect viruses in a sample of respiratory secretions
4. DTo measure exactly how many bacteria are in the blood

How does dehydration usually affect the hematocrit?

1. AIt raises it
2. BIt lowers it
3. CIt has no effect
4. DIt makes it zero

Why must vitamin B₁₂ deficiency be ruled out before treating macrocytic anemia with folic acid alone?

1. AFolic acid can fix the anemia while B₁₂-related nerve damage continues
2. BFolic acid makes B₁₂ deficiency anemia much worse within a few days
3. CFolic acid causes iron overload when B₁₂ levels are low
4. DFolic acid blocks the absorption of all B₁₂ from the diet

A patient taking spironolactone asks about using a salt substitute. What should the nurse explain?

1. ASalt substitutes are safe because they contain only sodium chloride
2. BMost salt substitutes contain potassium and can raise the level too high
3. CSalt substitutes are fine as long as the patient drinks more water
4. DSalt substitutes protect against the potassium loss caused by this drug

A patient has started parenteral nutrition (PN) through a central line. Which test is monitored most frequently in the first days?

1. AHemoglobin A1c
2. BSerum lipase
3. CBlood glucose
4. DThyroid hormones

心不全の患者が、リシノプリル、スピロノラクトン、カリウム補充薬を服用しています。今日のカリウムは 6.0 mEq/L です。最も考えられる説明はどれですか？

1. Aリシノプリルは、カリウムを下げる
2. Bカリウムを上げる複数の薬が、一緒に服用されている
3. Cスピロノラクトンは、カリウムの喪失を起こす
4. Dカリウム補充薬は、血清濃度に影響しない

Four drug levels are reported. Which patient should the nurse assess first?

1. ADigoxin 1.0 ng/mL with a pulse of 72/min
2. BLithium 1.8 mEq/L with a new coarse tremor
3. CValproate 75 mcg/mL with no symptoms
4. DPhenytoin 15 mcg/mL with no symptoms