解答つき検査値と電解質ワークシート

What is a "critical value" (panic value) in laboratory reporting?

1. AA result so abnormal that it may threaten life and needs prompt action
2. BA result that is normal but differs from the patient's last value
3. CAny result that is slightly outside the laboratory reference range
4. DA result that the laboratory could not measure because of a bad sample

Which substance contributes most to normal serum osmolality?

1. AUrea (from BUN)
2. BGlucose in plasma
3. CSodium and its anions
4. DPlasma albumin

血液または尿のケトン検査が陽性の場合、主に何を示しますか？

1. A肝臓がビリルビンを作りすぎている
2. B患者に尿路感染症がある
3. C腎臓が尿中に蛋白を漏らしている
4. Dインスリン欠乏や飢餓のように、体が燃料として脂肪を分解している

Two sets of blood cultures are ordered for a patient with suspected sepsis. How are they best collected?

1. AAfter the first antibiotic dose, so the infusion is not delayed
2. BBoth from the same site, one minute apart, to save time for the patient
3. CFrom two separate venipuncture sites, using strict aseptic technique
4. DFrom the existing IV line while the infusion continues to run

On the first day after major surgery, a patient's white cell count is 12.5 × 10³/µL, with no fever or wound signs. What is the best interpretation?

1. AA laboratory error, since surgery lowers white cells
2. BDefinite wound infection that needs antibiotics now
3. CA common stress response to surgery that is monitored
4. DA sign of leukemia that needs bone marrow testing

After surgery for colon cancer, a patient's CEA had fallen to normal, but it has been rising over the last two checks. What does this most likely suggest?

1. AA sure sign that the cancer has been fully cured
2. BPossible recurrence that needs further assessment
3. CA sign of iron deficiency from the earlier bleeding
4. DA normal change after surgery that needs no follow-up

A patient with severe hypertriglyceridemia has a measured sodium of 128 mEq/L, but a measured serum osmolality is normal, and the patient has no symptoms. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AHyponatremia caused by severe hyperglycemia in diabetes
2. BPseudohyponatremia, an artifact caused by very high lipids
3. CTrue hyponatremia from SIADH that needs fluid restriction
4. DHyponatremia caused by drinking far too much water

A patient on warfarin with an INR of 3.6 fell and hit their head an hour ago. They now report a worsening headache and drowsiness. What is the priority?

1. AReport urgently for imaging and possible reversal
2. BGive acetaminophen (paracetamol) and recheck the INR tomorrow
3. CEncourage rest in a dark room to settle the pain
4. DHold warfarin for one dose and observe at home