解答つき検査値と電解質ワークシート

Which body system shows the main symptoms of a low serum sodium?

1. AThe eyes only
2. BThe skeleton
3. CThe nervous system
4. DThe skin and hair

Why is glucose normally absent from the urine?

1. AThe tubules reabsorb all filtered glucose at normal blood levels
2. BThe bladder lining breaks down any glucose that reaches the urine
3. CThe glomeruli do not filter glucose out of the blood at any level
4. DGlucose is changed into ketones before it reaches the urine

A patient who has not eaten for 2 days has ketones in the urine. What is the most likely reason?

1. AThe kidneys are leaking protein
2. BThe liver is making too much glucose
3. CThe body is burning fat for energy
4. DThe bladder has a bacterial infection

A breathless patient in the emergency department has a BNP below 100 pg/mL. What does this suggest?

1. AThe kidneys are failing and the patient needs dialysis
2. BSevere heart failure is certainly the cause of the problem
3. CThe patient has had a myocardial infarction in the past day
4. DHeart failure is an unlikely cause of the breathlessness

In countries that screen all pregnant women (such as the US), a vaginal-rectal swab is taken at about 36–37 weeks. Which organism is it screening for?

1. ACandida albicans
2. BStaphylococcus aureus
3. CGroup B Streptococcus
4. DHepatitis B virus

A patient takes valproate (valproic acid) for epilepsy. Which tests are monitored regularly?

1. ALiver function tests and platelet count
2. BThyroid function and serum calcium
3. CSerum lithium and urine specific gravity
4. DTroponin and B-type natriuretic peptide

A patient recovering from acute tubular necrosis now passes 4–5 L of urine a day. Which electrolyte changes should the nurse watch for?

1. AHigh potassium and high sodium from retention
2. BHigh calcium and high phosphate from bone loss
3. CLow potassium and low sodium from urine losses
4. DNo changes, because the kidneys are now normal

A patient using an insulin pump has a glucose of 300 mg/dL (16.7 mmol/L) that has not fallen 2 hours after a correction bolus through the pump. Blood ketones are 1.8 mmol/L. What is the most likely problem and action?

1. AInsulin delivery failure; inject a correction dose by pen and change the set
2. BNormal pump function; wait for the next mealtime bolus to lower the glucose
3. CRebound after a hypo; give fast-acting carbohydrate and recheck in 15 minutes
4. DInsulin overdose from the pump; suspend the pump and stop all insulin for a day