解答つき検査値と電解質ワークシート

What does the term "leukopenia" mean?

1. AA low white blood cell count
2. BA high white blood cell count
3. CA low red blood cell count
4. DA high platelet count

Where are urinary casts formed?

1. AIn the ureters
2. BIn the kidney tubules
3. CIn the urinary bladder
4. DIn the urethra

Which substance contributes most to normal serum osmolality?

1. AUrea (from BUN)
2. BGlucose in plasma
3. CPlasma albumin
4. DSodium and its anions

A patient takes valproate (valproic acid) for epilepsy. Which tests are monitored regularly?

1. ATroponin and B-type natriuretic peptide
2. BSerum lithium and urine specific gravity
3. CLiver function tests and platelet count
4. DThyroid function and serum calcium

慢性腎臓病の患者は、酢酸カルシウムやセベラマーなどのリン吸着薬をいつ服用すべきですか？

1. A空腹時の就寝前
2. B週に 1 回だけ
3. C気分が悪いときだけ
4. D食事とともに

A trauma patient receives 2 L of IV crystalloid. The hemoglobin falls from 13.0 to 11.4 g/dL (130 to 114 g/L), and the vital signs are now stable. Which explanation is most likely?

1. AIncreased red cell production
2. BA laboratory error in the first sample
3. CDilution of the blood by the IV fluid
4. DA sudden failure of the bone marrow

A patient started methimazole for hyperthyroidism 6 weeks ago and now has a fever and a severe sore throat. Which action is most important?

1. AHold the drug and arrange an urgent white cell and neutrophil count
2. BCheck the TSH and double the dose if it is still low
3. CGive the next dose and suggest warm salt-water gargles for comfort
4. DAdvise the patient to continue the drug and drink more fluid

A patient with schizophrenia drinks very large amounts of water each day. Sodium is 121 mEq/L, and the urine is very dilute (urine osmolality 70 mOsm/kg). Which explanation fits best?

1. ACentral diabetes insipidus
2. BSyndrome of inappropriate ADH
3. CPrimary (psychogenic) polydipsia
4. DHyperosmolar hyperglycemic state