解答つき検査値と電解質ワークシート

A low mean corpuscular volume (MCV) means that:

1. AThe red cells contain more hemoglobin than normal
2. BThe bone marrow is making too many white cells
3. CThe red cells are larger than normal (macrocytic)
4. DThe red cells are smaller than normal (microcytic)

Why is glucose normally absent from the urine?

1. AThe bladder lining breaks down any glucose that reaches the urine
2. BThe glomeruli do not filter glucose out of the blood at any level
3. CThe tubules reabsorb all filtered glucose at normal blood levels
4. DGlucose is changed into ketones before it reaches the urine

Serum creatinine comes mainly from:

1. AThe digestion of protein by gut bacteria
2. BThe breakdown of dietary fat in the liver
3. CThe breakdown of old red cells in the spleen
4. DThe normal breakdown of creatine in muscle

慢性腎臓病の患者に、貧血が多いのはなぜですか？

1. A腎疾患での高カリウムが、赤血球を壊すため
2. B傷んだ腎臓が、赤血球を濾過して破壊するため
3. C尿毒症性の毒素により、骨髄が赤血球ではなく白血球を作るようになるため
4. D腎臓が、赤血球の産生を促すエリスロポエチンをあまり作らなくなるため

静脈内グルコン酸カルシウムは、重度の高カリウム血症の患者にどのように役立ちますか？

1. Aカリウムを血液から細胞内に移動させる
2. B腎臓からのカリウムの排泄を増やす
3. Cカリウムを下げずに、心筋細胞の膜を安定させる
4. D腸内でカリウムに結合し、便として排出させる

A patient on warfarin has an INR of 7.8 and a nosebleed. Which medication would the nurse expect the provider to prescribe?

1. ANaloxone hydrochloride
2. BProtamine sulfate
3. CAcetylcysteine
4. DVitamin K (phytonadione)

A patient with right upper abdominal pain from gallstones now has jaundice, a total bilirubin of 4.8 mg/dL (82 µmol/L) and a raised ALP. What is the most likely cause?

1. AGilbert syndrome triggered by pain
2. BA stone blocking the common bile duct
3. CHemolysis caused by the gallstones
4. DUncomplicated gallbladder inflammation

A patient taking an SGLT2 inhibitor has nausea and fast breathing. Glucose 190 mg/dL (10.5 mmol/L), pH 7.15, bicarbonate 10 mEq/L, blood ketones high. What is the most likely diagnosis?

1. ARespiratory acidosis from COPD
2. BSimple fasting ketosis only
3. CEuglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis
4. DHyperosmolar hyperglycemic state