解答つき内科外科看護：循環器と呼吸器ワークシート

Which description best fits asthma?

1. AAirway inflammation with variable, reversible airflow obstruction
2. BScarring of the lung tissue that makes the lungs stiff and small
3. CPermanent destruction of the alveolar walls caused by smoking
4. DA bacterial infection of the alveoli

During cardiac arrest, how is adrenaline (epinephrine) usually given?

1. AIntravenously or by the intraosseous route
2. BBy inhalation through a nebuliser mask
3. CBy mouth, crushed and given with water
4. DBy subcutaneous injection into the abdomen

胸腔ドレーンが水封式に接続されるのはなぜですか？

1. A水が肺に届く空気を加湿するから
2. B水によって空気と液体は出られるが、空気が戻らないようになるから
3. C水が排液される液体から細菌をろ過するから
4. D水が炎症を起こした胸膜腔を冷やして和らげるから

A patient with angle-closure glaucoma needs nebulised ipratropium. What precaution is sensible?

1. ARun it at the highest possible gas flow
2. BUse a mouthpiece or protect the eyes from the mist
3. CMix it with an eye drop before putting it in the nebuliser
4. DGive it only with the patient lying completely flat

How should a patient breathe in when using a dry powder inhaler?

1. ASlowly and gently over about ten seconds
2. BSeveral times, breathing out into the device between breaths
3. CQuickly and deeply, after breathing out away from the device
4. DThrough the nose with the mouthpiece in the mouth

インダパミドなど、チアジド系またはチアジド類似の利尿薬に典型的な副作用の組み合わせはどれですか？

1. Aナトリウムとマグネシウムの上昇、血糖の低下
2. Bカリウムとナトリウムの低下、尿酸の上昇、血糖の上昇
3. Cカリウムとナトリウムの上昇、尿酸の低下、血糖の低下
4. D乾性咳嗽、味覚障害、唇の腫れ

A patient with a large pericardial effusion has a systolic pressure that falls by more than 10 mmHg during inspiration. What is this finding called?

1. APulsus alternans
2. BA pulse deficit
3. CPulsus paradoxus
4. DA collapsing pulse

A patient declines enoxaparin for VTE prevention because it is made from pork, which conflicts with their beliefs. What is the best response?

1. ARespect the decision, inform the prescriber and discuss non-animal options
2. BTell the patient that refusal means they cannot have surgery
3. CDocument the refusal in the notes and take no further action at all
4. DGive the injection anyway without explaining what the medicine is made from