解答つき内科外科看護：循環器と呼吸器ワークシート

看護師は、心房細動における脈拍欠損をどのように確認しますか？

1. A2人で心尖拍動と橈骨動脈の脈拍を同時に1分間数える
2. B1人で橈骨動脈の脈拍を15秒数えて4倍する
3. C1人で左右の頸動脈を同時に触れる
4. Dパルスオキシメーターの表示から心拍数を読む

Which side effect is typical of ACE inhibitors such as ramipril or lisinopril?

1. AA persistent dry cough
2. BA productive cough with green sputum
3. CSwelling of both ankles
4. DA fast, irregular heart rate

慢性閉塞性肺疾患（COPD）に含まれる2つの病態はどれですか？

1. A肺気腫と慢性気管支炎
2. B肺線維症とサルコイドーシス
3. C喘息と肺炎
4. D気管支拡張症と嚢胞性線維症

After a prescribed IV fluid bolus for hypotension, what should the nurse do next?

1. AWait until the next routine observations in four hours
2. BStart a second fluid bolus straight away without checking anything
3. CReassess heart rate, blood pressure, urine output and lung sounds
4. DStop all monitoring if the patient says they feel better

Why is a beta-blocker started at a low dose and increased slowly in heart failure?

1. AIt works only if the dose is never changed after the first day
2. BIt must be stopped as soon as symptoms improve
3. CIt can briefly worsen symptoms before long-term benefit appears
4. DIt is safe only at the highest possible dose from the very start

How does varenicline help people stop smoking?

1. AIt speeds the clearance of nicotine by the liver
2. BIt replaces nicotine through the skin, like a nicotine patch
3. CIt partly stimulates and partly blocks nicotine receptors
4. DIt makes cigarettes taste of metal so smoking feels unpleasant

心房細動でアピキサバンを服用している患者が、待機手術の予定になっています。正しい実践を反映した記述はどれですか？

1. A手術の2週間前に中止し、ワルファリンに置き換える
2. B出血リスクと腎機能に基づいて、一定期間休薬する
3. C手術当日の朝まで必ず続ける
4. D中止し、ビタミンKの経口投与で拮抗する

A patient on an unfractionated heparin infusion has a nosebleed that will not stop, and the aPTT is far above the target range. What is the most appropriate action?

1. AContinue the infusion at the same rate and pack the nose firmly
2. BStop the infusion, inform the prescriber and anticipate protamine
3. CIncrease the infusion, as the aPTT will settle
4. DGive vitamin K and continue the infusion at a slightly lower rate