1.やさしい
What is the correct first aid for an adult with a nosebleed?
- ATilt the head back and pinch the bony bridge of the nose firmly
- BSit forward and pinch the soft part of the nose for 10–15 minutes
- CLie flat on the back with the head turned to one side for an hour
- DBlow the nose hard to clear the clots
2.やさしい
Which structure is the heart's natural pacemaker?
- AThe Purkinje fibres
- BThe bundle of His
- CThe sinoatrial (SA) node
- DThe atrioventricular (AV) node
3.やさしい
酸素を使っている患者の近くで、喫煙や裸火を避けなければならないのはなぜですか?
- A酸素自体が、加熱されると可燃性のガスになるから
- B酸素は温かい皮膚に触れると爆発するから
- C酸素は物を発火しやすくし、激しく燃やすから
- D煙が酸素チューブの小さな穴をふさぐから
4.ふつう
A patient is starting long-term amiodarone. Which teaching and monitoring are most important?
- AEat extra salt and stop the drug as soon as the pulse is regular
- BExpect orange urine and no need for blood tests
- CAvoid dairy products and have the INR checked once at the start
- DProtect skin from sunlight and have thyroid, liver and lung checks
5.ふつう
A patient with heart failure takes furosemide once a day. When is the best time to take it?
- AIn the morning, to avoid needing the toilet at night
- BAt bedtime, so the effect lasts through the night
- CJust before the evening meal, with a large drink
- DWhenever the ankles look swollen, on those days only
6.ふつう
心不全の患者が、ACE阻害薬に加えてスピロノラクトンを開始しました。どの血液検査結果を注意深くモニタリングする必要がありますか?
- Aカルシウム(どちらの薬も低下させうるから)
- Bカリウム(どちらの薬も上昇させうるから)
- Cヘモグロビン(どちらの薬も出血を起こしうるから)
- Dグルコース(どちらの薬も低血糖を起こしうるから)
7.むずかしい
A patient regains a pulse after a ventricular fibrillation arrest that was probably caused by a heart attack. Which investigation is most urgent?
- AAn abdominal ultrasound
- BA lumbar puncture
- CA 12-lead ECG
- DSpirometry
8.むずかしい
A patient being treated for infective endocarditis of the mitral valve suddenly develops slurred speech and weakness of the right arm. What is the most likely cause?
- AAn embolus from a valve vegetation causing a stroke
- BLow blood glucose from a reduced appetite
- CA side effect of the IV antibiotic on the nerves
- DA migraine aura triggered by the fever
解答
- 1. B · Sit forward and pinch the soft part of the nose for 10–15 minutes
- 2. C · The sinoatrial (SA) node
- 3. C · 酸素は物を発火しやすくし、激しく燃やすから
- 4. D · Protect skin from sunlight and have thyroid, liver and lung checks
- 5. A · In the morning, to avoid needing the toilet at night
- 6. B · カリウム(どちらの薬も上昇させうるから)
- 7. C · A 12-lead ECG
- 8. A · An embolus from a valve vegetation causing a stroke
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