解答つき内科外科看護：循環器と呼吸器ワークシート

What happens to the lungs in emphysema?

1. AAlveolar walls are destroyed, reducing the surface for gas exchange
2. BThe airways narrow briefly and fully recover
3. CThe bronchi become permanently widened and repeatedly infected
4. DThe pleural space slowly fills with fluid that compresses the lung

In a tension pneumothorax, which way does the trachea usually shift?

1. AAway from the affected side
2. BUpwards towards the chin
3. CTowards the affected side
4. DIt never moves in a pneumothorax

Mesothelioma of the pleura is strongly linked with exposure to which substance?

1. ACoal dust
2. BWood smoke
3. CPollen
4. DAsbestos

A 34-year-old has hypertension that is hard to control and a low serum potassium without taking diuretics. Which cause should be considered?

1. AIron-deficiency anaemia
2. BPrimary hyperaldosteronism
3. CHypothyroidism
4. DEssential hypertension of ageing

A patient's blood pressure is high in clinic but normal on home readings. Which step best confirms the diagnosis?

1. AStarting two antihypertensive drugs at once at full dose
2. BA chest X-ray
3. CA single repeat reading in the same clinic visit
4. DAmbulatory or structured home blood pressure monitoring

How is orthostatic (postural) hypotension usually assessed?

1. ABP only standing, after a brisk walk along the corridor
2. BBP lying after rest, then again after 1 and 3 minutes standing
3. CBP once sitting, then once lying down straight after a large meal
4. DBP in both arms at the same moment while sitting

A patient with a confirmed type A aortic dissection is hypertensive and tachycardic while awaiting surgery. Which drug class is usually given first to lower the heart rate and blood pressure?

1. AAn intravenous thrombolytic
2. BAn intravenous fluid bolus
3. CAn intravenous beta-blocker
4. DOral aspirin

看護師が4人の患者のケアを計画しています。最初にアセスメントすべき患者はどれですか？

1. A塩分について尋ねている、コントロールされた高血圧の患者
2. Bドレッシング交換の予定の、静脈性潰瘍のある患者
3. CSpO₂が90%から83%に低下し、新たな傾眠があるCOPDの患者
4. D毎日の体重測定を待っている、安定した心不全の患者