解答つき内科外科看護：循環器と呼吸器ワークシート

右心不全に最も典型的な所見はどれですか？

1. Aピンク色の泡沫状の痰と両側肺底部の細かいラ音
2. B下垂部の浮腫と頸静脈圧の上昇
3. C夜間に息苦しくて目が覚めること
4. D仰向けに寝たときにだけ起こる息苦しさ

Which chest X-ray finding is classic for sarcoidosis?

1. AA completely white lung on one side
2. BEnlarged lymph nodes at both lung hila
3. CA single round mass in one apex
4. DA visible edge of collapsed lung

Which side effect is typical of an inhaled long-acting antimuscarinic such as tiotropium?

1. AWeight gain
2. BDiarrhoea
3. COral thrush
4. DDry mouth

A patient has pneumonia in the right lung only. In which side-lying position will oxygenation usually be best?

1. AProne with the head down
2. BLying on the left side, with the healthy lung down
3. CFlat on the back with no pillows
4. DLying on the right side, with the affected lung down

患者のB型ナトリウム利尿ペプチド（BNPまたはNT-proBNP）が上昇しています。これは主に何を反映していますか？

1. Aうっ血による肝臓の炎症
2. B心筋の虚血性障害
3. C転倒後の骨格筋の損傷
4. D心室の伸展と圧負荷

How do clopidogrel and ticagrelor work?

1. AThey dissolve fibrin in existing clots
2. BThey directly inhibit thrombin in the plasma
3. CThey block the platelet ADP (P2Y₁₂) receptor
4. DThey inhibit the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors in the liver

A patient with a confirmed pulmonary embolism has BP 78/50 mmHg despite fluids, and the right ventricle is dilated on echocardiography. Which treatment is most likely?

1. ASystemic thrombolysis
2. BAn inhaled bronchodilator
3. CCompression stockings and bed rest
4. DOral apixaban only, started next week

During drainage of a large pleural effusion, a patient starts coughing and feels tight in the chest. What should the nurse do?

1. ASpeed up the drainage to finish quickly
2. BStop or clamp the drainage and inform the doctor
3. CAsk the patient to cough harder to help the flow
4. DLie the patient flat until the drainage is complete