解答つき内科外科看護：循環器と呼吸器ワークシート

右心不全に最も典型的な所見はどれですか？

1. Aピンク色の泡沫状の痰と両側肺底部の細かいラ音
2. B下垂部の浮腫と頸静脈圧の上昇
3. C夜間に息苦しくて目が覚めること
4. D仰向けに寝たときにだけ起こる息苦しさ

What causes the first heart sound (S1)?

1. AClosure of the mitral and tricuspid valves
2. BBlood flowing quickly into the atria
3. CClosure of the aortic and pulmonary valves
4. DThe heart muscle stretching in diastole

How is cystic fibrosis inherited?

1. AX-linked recessive
2. BIt is not inherited
3. CAutosomal dominant
4. DAutosomal recessive

Why is intravenous furosemide given slowly rather than as a rapid push of a large dose?

1. ARapid high doses can damage hearing
2. BRapid doses cause severe constipation
3. CRapid doses cause the potassium level to rise
4. DSlow injection makes the urine output larger

Why is a beta-blocker started at a low dose and increased slowly in heart failure?

1. AIt must be stopped as soon as symptoms improve
2. BIt is safe only at the highest possible dose from the very start
3. CIt can briefly worsen symptoms before long-term benefit appears
4. DIt works only if the dose is never changed after the first day

定量噴霧式吸入器用のスペーサーについて正しい記述はどれですか？

1. A1回の噴霧ごとの薬を通常より強くする
2. Bドライパウダー吸入器と一緒に使うよう設計されている
3. Cステロイドの予防吸入薬を完全にやめられるようになる
4. D必要な同調が少なくてすみ、より多くの薬が肺に届く

A patient with a confirmed type A aortic dissection is hypertensive and tachycardic while awaiting surgery. Which drug class is usually given first to lower the heart rate and blood pressure?

1. AOral aspirin
2. BAn intravenous beta-blocker
3. CAn intravenous fluid bolus
4. DAn intravenous thrombolytic

A patient with known left-sided lung cancer starts coughing up large amounts of fresh blood. While help is called, how should the patient be positioned?

1. ALying on the left side, with the bleeding lung down
2. BLying on the right side, with the bleeding lung up
3. CProne with the head turned to one side
4. DFlat on the back with the head down