解答つき内科外科看護：循環器と呼吸器ワークシート

What is an embolus?

1. AA bulge in the weakened wall of an artery that may rupture
2. BA narrowing of an artery caused by a build-up of fatty plaque
3. CA clot that stays fixed in the vessel where it first formed
4. DA clot or other mass that travels in the blood and lodges elsewhere

What is Cheyne–Stokes breathing?

1. ACycles of deeper then shallower breaths followed by a pause
2. BConstant deep, fast breathing that never changes in depth
3. CBreathing only through pursed lips
4. DA harsh, high-pitched sound on breathing in through the throat

In pericarditis, which structure is inflamed?

1. AThe coronary arteries
2. BThe heart muscle itself
3. CThe inner lining of the heart chambers
4. DThe sac that surrounds the heart

Why is a raised serum lactate concerning in a patient with shock?

1. AIt shows only that the patient has eaten a large meal in the past hour
2. BIt suggests tissues are short of oxygen and using anaerobic metabolism
3. CIt confirms a bacterial infection is present
4. DIt means the kidneys are working harder than normal to clear fluid

How can a patient reduce wound pain when coughing after abdominal surgery?

1. AHold the breath for as long as possible
2. BLie flat on the back with the legs straight
3. CHold a pillow firmly against the wound while coughing
4. DAvoid coughing completely until all the stitches are removed

Why is a shock for cardioversion synchronised with the QRS complex?

1. ATo allow the use of a lower battery charge
2. BTo keep the pads from burning the skin
3. CTo make the shock less painful for the patient
4. DTo avoid delivering the shock during the T wave

A nurse reviews inhaler use with a patient who has asthma and uses a separate steroid preventer inhaler and a salbutamol reliever. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I carry my blue reliever inhaler with me."
2. B"I use my steroid inhaler every day, even when I feel well."
3. C"I rinse my mouth after the steroid inhaler."
4. D"I use my steroid inhaler when I start to wheeze."

A patient with squamous cell lung cancer becomes confused, thirsty and constipated, with abdominal pain. Which electrolyte disturbance is most likely?

1. AHyponatraemia
2. BHypercalcaemia
3. CHypomagnesaemia
4. DHypokalaemia