解答つき内科外科看護：循環器と呼吸器ワークシート

What causes the first heart sound (S1)?

1. AClosure of the aortic and pulmonary valves
2. BBlood flowing quickly into the atria
3. CThe heart muscle stretching in diastole
4. DClosure of the mitral and tricuspid valves

二酸化炭素の貯留（高二酸化炭素血症）を示唆する徴候の組み合わせはどれですか？

1. A速い呼吸が続いた後の指先と唇のしびれ
2. B針先のような縮瞳とごく遅い心拍
3. C蒼白で冷たく湿った皮膚と、弱く糸のように細い脈
4. D傾眠、頭痛、顔面紅潮、跳ねるような脈

What is an aneurysm?

1. AAn abnormal bulging of a weakened artery wall
2. BA tear in the inner lining of a vein
3. CA complete blockage of an artery by plaque
4. DA blood clot in a deep vein

A patient has episodes of severe headache, sweating and palpitations with very high blood pressure. Which rare cause should be considered?

1. AStable angina
2. BPhaeochromocytoma
3. CAortic stenosis
4. DAsthma

A patient is starting long-term amiodarone. Which teaching and monitoring are most important?

1. AProtect skin from sunlight and have thyroid, liver and lung checks
2. BEat extra salt and stop the drug as soon as the pulse is regular
3. CExpect orange urine and no need for blood tests
4. DAvoid dairy products and have the INR checked once at the start

右室梗塞で硝酸薬を非常に慎重に使うのはなぜですか？

1. A右心室が侵されていると、硝酸薬が吸収されないから
2. B硝酸薬が梗塞を左心室へ広げるから
3. Cこの型の梗塞では、硝酸薬が危険な高カリウム血症を起こすから
4. D右心室は前負荷に依存しており、血圧が急激に低下しうるから

A patient with severe COPD has increasing ankle oedema and a raised JVP, but no crackles and a normal left ventricle on echocardiography. Which condition is most likely?

1. ALeft ventricular failure
2. BAortic stenosis
3. CDeep vein thrombosis
4. DCor pulmonale

A patient with small-cell lung cancer becomes confused. Sodium is 122 mmol/L (122 mEq/L) with concentrated urine, and there are no signs of dehydration. What is the most likely cause?

1. AExcess salt in the diet over several weeks
2. BSevere dehydration from poor oral intake
3. CSyndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion
4. DCranial diabetes insipidus from brain metastases