解答つき内科外科看護：循環器と呼吸器ワークシート

In pericarditis, which structure is inflamed?

1. AThe sac that surrounds the heart
2. BThe coronary arteries
3. CThe heart muscle itself
4. DThe inner lining of the heart chambers

What is the normal PR interval on an adult ECG?

1. A0.02–0.06 seconds
2. B0.40–0.60 seconds
3. C0.12–0.20 seconds
4. D1.0–1.2 seconds

What defines type 2 respiratory failure?

1. ANormal PaO₂ with a low PaCO₂
2. BHigh PaO₂ with a high bicarbonate
3. CLow PaO₂ with a raised PaCO₂
4. DLow PaO₂ with a normal or low PaCO₂

Why is intravenous furosemide given slowly rather than as a rapid push of a large dose?

1. ARapid doses cause the potassium level to rise
2. BRapid high doses can damage hearing
3. CSlow injection makes the urine output larger
4. DRapid doses cause severe constipation

A patient arrives with suspected cardiac chest pain. How soon should a 12-lead ECG be recorded?

1. AOnly after the troponin result is available
2. BWithin about 10 minutes of arrival
3. CWithin 2 hours of arrival
4. DThe following morning

A patient with heart failure takes furosemide once a day. When is the best time to take it?

1. AWhenever the ankles look swollen, on those days only
2. BAt bedtime, so the effect lasts through the night
3. CJust before the evening meal, with a large drink
4. DIn the morning, to avoid needing the toilet at night

A 25-year-old non-smoker has wheeze and cough that come and go, worse at night and after exercise. Spirometry improves markedly after a bronchodilator. Which diagnosis is most likely?

1. ACOPD
2. BAsthma
3. CHeart failure
4. DIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

A patient with pneumonia has a temperature of 39 °C, pain and a sinus tachycardia of 122/min. BP is normal. What is the best way to manage the heart rate?

1. ATreat the fever, pain and possible dehydration, then reassess
2. BGive a beta-blocker to bring the heart rate below 100/min
3. CArrange urgent electrical cardioversion to restore a normal rate
4. DGive IV adenosine