1.やさしい
Which of these is a modifiable risk factor for coronary heart disease?
- AMale sex
- BSmoking
- CFamily history
- DOlder age
2.やさしい
Where in the kidney does furosemide mainly act?
- AThe loop of Henle
- BThe renal artery
- CThe glomerulus
- DThe collecting duct only
3.やさしい
虚血性脳卒中のリスクを最も高める不整脈はどれですか?
- A運動中の洞性頻脈
- B洞性不整脈
- C心房細動
- D運動選手にみられる洞性徐脈
4.ふつう
A patient with heart failure takes furosemide once a day. When is the best time to take it?
- AAt bedtime, so the effect lasts through the night
- BIn the morning, to avoid needing the toilet at night
- CJust before the evening meal, with a large drink
- DWhenever the ankles look swollen, on those days only
5.ふつう
Why is a shock for cardioversion synchronised with the QRS complex?
- ATo allow the use of a lower battery charge
- BTo make the shock less painful for the patient
- CTo keep the pads from burning the skin
- DTo avoid delivering the shock during the T wave
6.ふつう
Why is aspirin chewed rather than swallowed whole in a suspected acute coronary syndrome?
- AChewing speeds absorption, giving a faster antiplatelet effect
- BChewing stops the aspirin from irritating the lining of the stomach
- CChewing changes aspirin into an anticoagulant
- DWhole aspirin tablets cannot be absorbed at all from the gut
7.むずかしい
A 70-year-old man has a small abdominal aortic aneurysm found on screening and is placed under surveillance. Which advice is most important?
- AHave the aneurysm repaired immediately, whatever its size or growth rate
- BStop all blood pressure medicines to avoid low pressure
- CAvoid all exercise and lifting for the rest of his life to protect the aorta
- DStop smoking, control BP and seek help at once for sudden back pain
8.むずかしい
After a faulty gas heater was found at home, a patient has headache, nausea and confusion. SpO₂ is 99% on air. What is the priority treatment?
- AReassurance, because the oxygen saturation is normal
- BParacetamol (acetaminophen) and observation only
- CHigh-concentration oxygen via a non-rebreather mask
- DOxygen at 1 L/min via nasal cannula
解答
- 1. B · Smoking
- 2. A · The loop of Henle
- 3. C · 心房細動
- 4. B · In the morning, to avoid needing the toilet at night
- 5. D · To avoid delivering the shock during the T wave
- 6. A · Chewing speeds absorption, giving a faster antiplatelet effect
- 7. D · Stop smoking, control BP and seek help at once for sudden back pain
- 8. C · High-concentration oxygen via a non-rebreather mask
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