解答つき内科外科看護：消化器、周術期、がんワークシート

What is adjuvant chemotherapy?

1. ATreatment given before a biopsy is taken
2. BTreatment given only to patients who refuse surgery or radiotherapy
3. CTreatment given only to relieve symptoms
4. DTreatment after surgery to reduce the risk of recurrence

Which feature is typical of Crohn's disease?

1. AIt affects only the stomach lining and causes ulcers there
2. BIt affects only the rectum and colon, in one continuous stretch
3. CIt can affect any part of the gut, with normal bowel in between
4. DIt affects only the liver and bile ducts

全層熱傷に典型的な特徴はどれですか？

1. A日焼けのような、水疱のない赤く痛い皮膚
2. B革のように硬い白色または茶色の皮膚で、痛みがない
3. C圧迫で白くなり、数日で治る皮膚
4. D大きく痛みを伴う水疱のある、湿ったピンク色の皮膚

Why does a patient need lifelong vitamin B₁₂ injections after total gastrectomy?

1. AThe liver can no longer store any vitamins
2. BVitamin B₁₂ is lost in the urine after the surgery
3. CIntrinsic factor from the stomach is no longer made
4. DThe small bowel stops absorbing all nutrients

上部消化管出血の患者で、尿素がクレアチニンよりずっと大きく上昇することがあるのはなぜですか？

1. A出血が必ず腎尿細管を直接傷めるから
2. Bクレアチニンが嘔吐物とともに体外に失われるから
3. C消化された血液がタンパク質負荷となり、尿素を上昇させるから
4. D尿素が出血している胃粘膜で作られるから

Why are carbohydrate drinks often given before surgery in enhanced recovery programmes?

1. ATo raise the blood pressure during the anaesthetic
2. BTo replace the need for any IV fluids afterwards
3. CTo make the bowels open before the operation
4. DTo reduce insulin resistance and improve recovery

An 80-year-old has a fluid balance 3 L positive two days after surgery. They are now breathless, with crackles at both lung bases and swollen ankles. What should the nurse do?

1. AIncrease the IV fluid rate to improve kidney flow
2. BEncourage the patient to drink more fluids
3. CStop the IV fluids, sit the patient up and escalate
4. DLie the patient flat with the legs raised

On day 5 after bowel resection, a patient has a fever, tachycardia and worsening abdominal pain, and the drain contains brown, faeculent fluid. What is most likely?

1. AA normal day 5 recovery
2. BA urinary tract infection
3. CPostoperative constipation
4. DAn anastomotic leak