解答つき薬理学ワークシート

Propofol is mainly used for:

1. AInducing and maintaining anaesthesia, and ICU sedation
2. BPain relief after surgery on the ward
3. CTreating nausea after chemotherapy
4. DLong-term treatment of epilepsy at home by mouth

Why is vitamin K given to newborn babies?

1. ATo protect against hepatitis B
2. BTo prevent neonatal jaundice in the first week
3. CTo improve weight gain
4. DTo prevent vitamin K deficiency bleeding

Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic used mainly to:

1. AReduce raised intracranial pressure
2. BPrevent blood clots
3. CRaise serum potassium
4. DTreat high blood pressure long term

A patient with suspected sepsis has blood cultures ordered and a first antibiotic dose due. What should the nurse do?

1. AWait for the culture results before giving any antibiotic
2. BGive the antibiotic only if the temperature is above 40 °C (104 °F)
3. CGive the antibiotic first, then take blood cultures the next day
4. DTake the blood cultures first, then give the antibiotic at once

ある薬が肝酵素 CYP3A4 を阻害します。主に CYP3A4 で代謝される 2 つ目の薬はどうなる可能性がありますか？

1. A腎臓からより速く排泄される
2. B血中濃度が下がるので、通常の用量では効かなくなることがある
3. C酵素は他の薬に影響しないので変化はない
4. D血中濃度が上がり、副作用のリスクが高まる

1000 mL of IV fluid is to be given over 8 hours with a pump. What rate should be set?

1. A125 mL/h
2. B250 mL/h
3. C100 mL/h
4. D80 mL/h

Why are oral liquid medicines drawn up in dedicated oral or enteral syringes that do not fit IV connectors?

1. ATo keep the medicine sterile for injection
2. BTo prevent oral liquids being given intravenously by mistake
3. CTo make the oral dose more accurate than a dose given through an IV syringe
4. DBecause IV syringes cannot hold liquids

A man taking spironolactone for heart failure develops painful breast enlargement. Which change may be considered?

1. AAdding testosterone injections
2. BSwitching to potassium chloride tablets
3. CSwitching to eplerenone, which has fewer anti-androgen effects
4. DDoubling the spironolactone dose to overcome the side effect