解答つき薬理学ワークシート

Which vitamin reverses the effect of warfarin?

1. AVitamin E
2. BVitamin C
3. CVitamin K
4. DVitamin B12

How do local anaesthetics such as lidocaine block pain?

1. AThey block prostaglandin synthesis at the injury site
2. BThey block voltage-gated sodium channels in nerve membranes
3. CThey enhance the action of GABA in the brain and spinal cord
4. DThey activate opioid receptors in the spinal cord

What is drug synergism?

1. AOne drug cancels out the effect of another drug
2. BTwo drugs together have a greater effect than the sum of each alone
3. CTwo drugs together produce exactly the sum of their separate effects
4. DA drug loses its effect after repeated doses

Digoxin 0.25 mg is ordered. The tablets available are 0.125 mg. How many tablets should be given?

1. A2 tablets
2. B0.5 tablet
3. C4 tablets
4. D1 tablet

アミトリプチリンなどの三環系抗うつ薬の過量服用が特に危険なのはなぜですか？

1. A腎結石を起こすから
2. B突然の高血糖を起こすから
3. C不整脈とけいれんを起こすから
4. D数時間以内に重い肝不全を起こすから

イプラトロピウムは COPD に使う気管支拡張薬です。どのように働きますか？

1. A気道のβ2 アドレナリン受容体を刺激する
2. B気道平滑筋のムスカリン受容体を遮断する
3. Cロイコトリエン受容体を遮断する
4. Dステロイドのように炎症を抑える

A patient with heart failure on furosemide is also given metolazone, a thiazide-like diuretic. Which risk increases most?

1. ASevere hypokalaemia, hyponatraemia and dehydration
2. BSevere hypertension, tachycardia and fluid retention
3. CHyperkalaemia and fluid overload
4. DHypoglycaemia and weight gain

A patient who takes clonidine stopped it suddenly two days ago. He is now agitated, has a headache and his blood pressure is very high. What is the most likely explanation?

1. ANormal variation unrelated to the medication
2. BAn allergic reaction to clonidine
3. CClonidine toxicity due to slow excretion by the kidneys
4. DRebound hypertension from abrupt clonidine withdrawal