1.내외과: 심혈관계와 호흡기계보통
흉관 배액통의 수봉실에서 환자가 기침을 하지 않는데도 계속 기포가 올라옵니다. 이는 무엇을 시사합니까?
- A폐 또는 배액 시스템에서의 공기 누출
- B흡인 장치가 꺼짐
- C관 속 혈전으로 배액관이 막힘
- D폐가 완전히 다시 펴졌고 배액관을 제거할 준비가 됨
2.내외과: 심혈관계와 호흡기계어려움
A patient's blood gas shows pH 7.26, PaCO₂ 9.0 kPa (68 mmHg) and bicarbonate 25 mmol/L. What does this show?
- AMetabolic acidosis with compensation
- BAcute respiratory acidosis
- CRespiratory alkalosis
- DMetabolic alkalosis
3.내외과: 신경계, 내분비계, 신장보통
A patient with Alzheimer's disease starts donepezil. Which side effects should the nurse look for?
- ANausea, diarrhoea and a slow heart rate
- BA persistent dry cough and a raised potassium
- CWeight gain, high glucose and swollen ankles
- DDry mouth, constipation and a fast heart rate
4.내외과: 신경계, 내분비계, 신장어려움
An adult stares blankly for about a minute, smacks their lips and fumbles with their clothes. Afterwards they are confused for ten minutes and remember nothing. Which seizure type fits best?
- AAtonic (drop) seizure with a fall
- BAbsence seizure
- CFocal impaired awareness seizure
- DMyoclonic seizure
5.내외과: 소화기계, 수술 전후, 종양보통
Which advice is appropriate for a patient with a very low platelet count?
- ATake aspirin regularly for headaches
- BUse a razor blade for shaving every day
- CFloss hard every day to prevent gum disease
- DUse a soft toothbrush and an electric razor
6.내외과: 소화기계, 수술 전후, 종양어려움
A patient arrives in recovery with a temperature of 35.2 °C and is shivering. What is the most appropriate action?
- ARemove all blankets to let the body adjust
- BStart active warming and monitor the temperature
- CGive cold IV fluids to settle the shivering
- DSend the patient to the ward to warm up there under extra blankets
7.임상간호학보통
After removing a peripheral IV cannula, what should the nurse check?
- AThat the site is left uncovered and bleeding freely
- BThat the cannula is put back in its sterile packet for the next patient
- CThat the cannula is intact, and apply pressure until bleeding stops
- DThat the patient's blood glucose is normal before removal
8.임상간호학어려움
Why is a large pleural effusion drained slowly rather than all at once?
- AQuick drainage causes the effusion to spread to the other lung
- BRapid drainage can cause re-expansion pulmonary oedema
- CSlow drainage stops the patient needing oxygen
- DFluid drained quickly turns into blood
9.검사 수치와 전해질보통
A healthy patient's result is slightly outside the laboratory reference range, and all other results are normal. Which statement best explains why this can happen?
- AReference ranges include every healthy person without exception
- BAny result outside the range always means disease is present
- CReference ranges are the same in every laboratory worldwide
- DRanges cover about 95% of healthy people, so some fall outside
10.검사 수치와 전해질어려움
A patient with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis has a hemoglobin of 10.5 g/dL (105 g/L), a low serum iron, a low total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) and a high-normal ferritin. Which condition fits best?
- AAcute blood loss anemia
- BAnemia of chronic disease (inflammation)
- CVitamin B12 deficiency anemia
- DIron-deficiency anemia
11.동맥혈 가스 검사 해석보통
연습용 가스 검사에서 PaCO₂ 66 mmHg (8.8 kPa)이(가) 나왔다. HCO₃⁻ 24 mmol/L에서 시작하여 “만성 호흡성 산증에서는 PaCO₂이(가) 40보다 10 mmHg 높을 때마다 HCO₃⁻이(가) 3.5 mmol/L씩 올라간다”라는 규칙을 써서 예상 HCO₃⁻을(를) 구하시오.
PaCO₂ 66 mmHg (8.8 kPa)기준값: 40 mmHg, 24 mmol/L
HCO₃⁻ = mmol/L
12.동맥혈 가스 검사 해석어려움
해수면에서 산소 30%로 채취한 연습용 가스 검사에서 PaO₂ 82 mmHg (10.9 kPa), PaCO₂ 46 mmHg (6.1 kPa)이(가) 나왔다. PAO₂ = FiO₂·(760 − 47) − PaCO₂/0.8을 써서 A–a 기울기을(를) 구하시오.
FiO₂ 30%PaO₂ 82 mmHg (10.9 kPa)PaCO₂ 46 mmHg (6.1 kPa)
A–a 기울기 = mmHg
13.심전도 리듬 기록지 해석보통
이 규칙적인 II유도 기록지에서 QT 간격과 R–R 간격을 측정한 다음, Bazett 공식 QTc = QT/√RR(둘 다 초 단위)로 심박수 보정 QTc을(를) 계산하세요. 답은 초 단위로 소수 셋째 자리까지 쓰세요.
II유도, 25 mm/s, 10 mm/mV작은 칸 1개 = 0.04초, 큰 칸 1개 = 0.20초기록지 길이 6초
QTc = s
14.심전도 리듬 기록지 해석어려움
이 II유도 기록지는 심실 리듬이 불규칙한 방실차단을 보여 줍니다. 6초 방법을 사용하여 분당 박동수 단위의 심실 박동수을(를) 구하세요.
II유도, 25 mm/s, 10 mm/mV작은 칸 1개 = 0.04초, 큰 칸 1개 = 0.20초기록지 길이 6초
심실 박동수 = bpm
15.우선순위 설정과 위임보통
A patient uses patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) after surgery. Which statement by a family member shows a need for further teaching?
- A“I will tell the nurse if she becomes very sleepy or hard to wake.”
- B“Only she should press the button when she needs pain relief.”
- C“The pump has limits set by the nurse so she cannot get too much at once.”
- D“I will press the button for her while she is asleep so she stays comfortable.”
16.우선순위 설정과 위임어려움
An older adult with type 2 diabetes is confused and very dehydrated. The glucose is 900 mg/dL (50 mmol/L), and blood and urine show no significant ketones. What is the most likely problem?
- AHypoglycemia with rebound
- BStress-induced mild hyperglycemia
- CDiabetic ketoacidosis
- DHyperosmolar hyperglycemic state