NCLEX-PN 스타일 연습 문제 (LPN/LVN): 벼락치기 팩

Why should a tourniquet not be left on for a long time before taking blood?

1. AIt can change the results, for example by concentrating the blood
2. BIt makes the blood turn blue in the tube
3. CIt stops the needle from entering the vein because the vein is too hard
4. DIt makes the patient's arm grow stronger

이미 환자에게 전달된 투약 오류를 발견했을 때 올바른 행동은?

1. A다음 근무 동안 피해가 생기는지 지켜보고 환자 상태가 변할 때만 보고한다
2. B환자가 괜찮아 보이면 아무 말도 하지 않는다
3. C오류가 보이지 않게 기록을 고친다
4. D환자 상태를 확인하고, 처방자에게 알리고, 사고 보고 체계로 보고한다

공기주의 환자를 돌본 후 N95 호흡보호구는 언제 벗어야 합니까?

1. A병실 안에서 장갑을 벗기 전에
2. B병실을 나와 문을 닫은 후
3. C병실에 들어간 직후
4. D벗지 않고 근무가 끝날 때까지 계속 착용한다

A visitor becomes very agitated and starts shouting at the nurse in a patient’s room. What should the nurse do first?

1. ARaise the voice to show who is in charge
2. BKeep a safe distance and a clear exit, speak calmly and call security if needed
3. CTurn away from the visitor and continue with the patient’s care as normal
4. DTouch the visitor’s arm to help them calm down

A patient with a spinal cord injury at T4 suddenly has a severe headache, flushing above the injury and a blood pressure of 200/110 mmHg. What does the nurse do first?

1. ASit the patient upright with the legs lowered
2. BLay the patient flat with the legs raised
3. CApply extra blankets to keep the patient warm and calm
4. DGive a warm drink and recheck the blood pressure in an hour

어느 환자의 소견이 가장 긴급한가요?

1. A혈소판 수 결과가 나오지 않은 환자
2. BINR이 2.5이고 평소 저녁 용량을 먹을 시간이 된 와파린 복용 환자
3. C무릎 수술 후 주사 부위에 작은 멍이 있는 환자
4. D헤파린을 주입 중인데 새롭게 혼란스럽고 심한 두통이 있는 환자

Under the Mental Capacity Act 2005 (England and Wales), which principle applies?

1. AEveryone over 75 is assumed to lack capacity
2. BA person must be assumed to have capacity unless it is shown that they lack it
3. CCapacity is decided by the next of kin, who must sign a form for every decision
4. DA diagnosis of dementia means the person lacks capacity for all decisions

A patient with type 1 diabetes is nil by mouth before surgery. Why must their insulin not simply be stopped?

1. AInsulin is needed for the anaesthetic to work
2. BStopping insulin causes immediate hypoglycaemia during the operation
3. CWithout any insulin they can develop diabetic ketoacidosis
4. DInsulin prevents wound infection on its own

A patient's potassium is unexpectedly 5.8 mEq/L. The sample was taken after the tourniquet was on for several minutes while the patient pumped their fist. What is the best interpretation?

1. AThe result may be falsely high and should be repeated with better technique
2. BThe result confirms true hyperkalemia and needs no further checking
3. CFist pumping lowers potassium, so the true level is even higher
4. DTourniquet time affects only the glucose result, not the potassium

A patient with schizophrenia drinks very large amounts of water each day. Sodium is 121 mEq/L, and the urine is very dilute (urine osmolality 70 mOsm/kg). Which explanation fits best?

1. ASyndrome of inappropriate ADH
2. BCentral diabetes insipidus
3. CPrimary (psychogenic) polydipsia
4. DHyperosmolar hyperglycemic state

A transplant patient takes tacrolimus. Which monitoring is most important?

1. APeak expiratory flow
2. BBlood drug levels and kidney function
3. CThyroid function and bone density
4. DSerum amylase

A patient on long-term lithium passes large amounts of dilute urine and is always thirsty. What is the most likely explanation?

1. ALithium causes type 1 diabetes by destroying the pancreatic beta cells
2. BLithium blocks the kidney's response to ADH (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus)
3. CLithium increases ADH release from the pituitary
4. DThe patient is drinking too much and lithium is unrelated

Which history is a contraindication to thrombolysis for a STEMI?

1. AMild asthma controlled with inhalers
2. BA previous appendicectomy many years ago
3. CA previous haemorrhagic stroke
4. DTreated high blood pressure

A 74-year-old with atrial fibrillation, hypertension and diabetes asks why she needs an anticoagulant when she feels well. Which reply is best?

1. AThe anticoagulant will stop the irregular heartbeat for good
2. BIt is given to lower her blood pressure
3. CIt is needed only while she has palpitations
4. DHer risk of stroke is high, and an anticoagulant lowers it

AKI 환자의 유치 도뇨관에서 아무것도 배액되지 않습니다. 신후성 원인을 배제하는 데 도움이 되는 빠른 침상 확인은?

1. A즉시 많은 양의 정맥 수액을 일시 투여한다
2. B카테터의 꺾임이나 막힘을 확인하고 방광 스캔을 한다
3. C소변 배양 검체를 보내고 검사실 결과를 기다린다
4. D환자에게 물 2리터를 마시도록 권한다

급성 허혈성 뇌졸중 환자가 혈전용해 대상이 아닙니다. 첫날 혈압이 190/100 mmHg이고 다른 응급 상황은 없습니다. 일반적으로 적절한 것은?

1. A환자를 평평하게 눕히고 많은 양의 수액을 일시 투여한다
2. B정맥 약물로 110/70 mmHg까지 빠르게 낮춘다
3. C120 mmHg 아래가 될 때까지 5분마다 질산염 스프레이를 준다
4. D공격적인 강압을 피하고 뇌졸중 팀의 목표를 따른다

When breaking bad news, what is the first step in frameworks such as SPIKES?

1. ASet up a private setting with enough time
2. BGive the diagnosis as quickly as possible in the corridor
3. CAsk the family to decide what the patient should be told
4. DGive all treatment options before checking understanding

During bowel preparation, an older patient becomes dizzy and confused. Blood tests show sodium 127 mmol/L. What should the nurse do?

1. AStop the preparation and escalate to the medical team
2. BEncourage plain water only, as much as possible
3. CGive the rest of the preparation more quickly
4. DRecord it and continue as planned, as this is expected

Two days after a caesarean, a woman feels bloated with gas pains. Which advice is most helpful?

1. AWalk around regularly
2. BStay in bed until the pain stops
3. CUse straws to drink fluids
4. DDrink fizzy drinks to bring up the gas

A woman 5 hours after birth had a large blood loss and now has a heart rate of 128/min, blood pressure of 88/50 mmHg and cold hands. Which action is most important?

1. AGive her a hot drink and recheck in an hour
2. BEncourage her to breastfeed to contract the uterus
3. CCall for urgent help and start fluid resuscitation
4. DAsk her to walk to improve circulation

Which signs in a 2-day-old baby suggest sepsis?

1. AHiccups after feeds with a strong, lusty cry between feeds
2. BRegular feeding with six wet nappies a day
3. CSmall white spots on the nose and a pink face
4. DUnstable temperature, poor feeding, lethargy and breathing difficulty

A baby born at 28 weeks is now 6 months old. He is not yet sitting without support. How should the nurse interpret this?

1. AMilestones are judged by corrected age, here about 3 months, so this is expected
2. BPreterm babies never reach normal milestones, so no follow-up is needed
3. CHe is clearly delayed and needs urgent neurological referral
4. DMilestones are always judged by chronological age, so he is 3 months behind

Which psychological treatment is most effective for obsessive-compulsive disorder?

1. AExposure and response prevention, a form of CBT
2. BEncouraging the patient to perform the rituals more often
3. CHypnosis to remove the obsessive thoughts permanently in a single session
4. DPsychoanalysis focused on early childhood memories

During a ward community meeting, several patients complain that the ward is too noisy at night. What reflects a therapeutic milieu?

1. ATell the patients that the rules cannot be changed
2. BEnd the meeting so the complaint is not discussed further
3. CAsk the patients to write their complaints down and then do nothing
4. DDiscuss the problem openly and involve patients in finding a solution

연습 문제(임의로 만든 값이며 임상 지침이 아닙니다). 체중 환산 결과가 68.6673 kg입니다. 이 연습 문제의 규칙은 체중은 킬로그램의 소수 첫째 자리까지 반올림합니다입니다. 기록할 값 x은(는) 얼마입니까?

연습 문제(임의로 만든 값이며 임상 지침이 아닙니다). 주입이 19:55에 시작하여 다음 날 아침 03:20에 끝납니다(24시간제). 주입은 몇 분 t 진행되었습니까?

바이알에 분말 1 g이 들어 있습니다. 라벨에는 주사용수 4.2 mL를 넣으면 총부피가 5 mL가 된다고 적혀 있습니다. 처방은 600 mg입니다. 재구성한 용액을 몇 mL V 투여하나요?

처방은 205 마이크로그램입니다. 앰플은 0.5 mg/mL입니다. 1 mL 주사기에 용량을 채우세요: 몇 V를 투여합니까?

15방울/mL 세트로 500 mL를 10시간 동안 주입합니다. 점적 속도 R를 분당 방울 수로 구하세요. 가장 가까운 정수로 반올림하세요.

백에 500 mL당 약 1000 mg이 들어 있고 5 mL/h로 주입됩니다. 환자는 시간당 몇 mg D을 받나요?

연습 문제(임의로 만든 값이며 임상 지침이 아닙니다). 기록표는 한 12시간 근무조 동안 환자의 섭취량과 배설량을 보여 줍니다. 환자의 체중은 80 kg입니다. 평균 소변량 U을(를) mL/kg/h 단위로 구하세요. 소수 둘째 자리까지 반올림하세요.

연습 문제(임의로 만든 값이며 임상 지침이 아닙니다). 1000 mL 주입을 16:00에 75 mL/h로 시작합니다. 2시간 후 속도를 80 mL/h로 바꾸고 이후로는 바꾸지 않습니다. 시작 후 몇 시간 t 뒤에 백이 비나요? 소수 첫째 자리까지 반올림하세요.

연습 문제(임의로 만든 값이며 임상 지침이 아닙니다). 두부 손상 후의 연습용 환자가 자발적으로 눈을 뜸, 문장으로 말하지만 혼돈 상태임이며 최상의 운동 반응으로 명령에 따름을(를) 보입니다. GCS를 구하고 그에 따라 두부 손상을 분류하세요. 답을 클릭하세요.

1. 1경도
2. 2중등도
3. 3중증

연습 문제(임의로 만든 값이며 임상 지침이 아닙니다). 다음 관찰 소견에 NEWS2 도표(SpO₂ 척도 1)를 사용하세요: 호흡수 12/min, SpO₂ 99% 실내 공기 호흡 중, 혈압 136/82 mmHg, 맥박 70/min, 무반응, 체온 36.1 °C. 환자는 어느 임상 위험군에 속합니까? 클릭하세요.

1. 1낮음
2. 2낮음–중간
3. 3중간
4. 4높음