공식 모음, 모든 주제의 핵심 풀이 단계, 연습 문제 14개가 들어 있으며 전체 풀이는 맨 뒤에 있습니다.
갑상선 수술 4시간 후 간호사가 가장 먼저 조치해야 할 환자 소견은 무엇인가요?
A patient has a wrist restraint. The nurse finds the fingers on that hand pale, cool and tingling. What should the nurse do first?
A newly hired nurse had BCG vaccine as a child. Which TB screening test is usually preferred?
A newly hired nurse has these hepatitis B results: HBsAg negative, anti-HBs positive, anti-HBc negative. What do they show?
환자의 헤마토크릿이 54%, BUN이 높고 소변 비중이 1.034입니다. 이 양상은 무엇을 시사하나요?
오래된 폐 질환이 있는 환자의 혈청 중탄산염이 32 mEq/L, 동맥 PaCO₂가 늘 높고 pH는 7.36입니다. 어떤 상태가 가장 잘 맞나요?
Why is it important to prevent hypothermia during and after surgery?
Why should chronic hypernatraemia be corrected gradually?
How can a patient reduce wound pain when coughing after abdominal surgery?
A patient on three blood pressure drugs still has high readings at every visit. What should the nurse check first?
Which complication is a particular risk in nephrotic syndrome?
Near the end of a haemodialysis session, a patient has painful leg cramps and a falling blood pressure. What is the most likely cause?
Why should antacids usually be taken at a different time from other medicines?
A patient with gallstones has a temperature of 39 °C with rigors, jaundice and right upper abdominal pain. What should the nurse suspect?
답: D · 점점 더 쉬어 가는 목소리와 새로 생긴 시끄러운 호흡
점점 심해지는 쉰 목소리와 시끄러운 호흡은 기도에 영향을 주는 부종, 출혈, 신경 손상을 뜻할 수 있습니다. 즉시 사정하고 보고해야 합니다. 가벼운 통증과 소량의 장액성 배액은 예상되는 소견입니다.
답: B · Loosen the restraint and assess the circulation
Pale, cool fingers with tingling suggest that the restraint is too tight and blood flow is reduced. The nurse releases it at once, assesses the hand and reviews whether the restraint is still needed.
답: C · An interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) blood test
BCG vaccine can cause a false-positive tuberculin skin test. IGRA blood tests are not affected by BCG, so they are preferred for people who have had the vaccine.
답: A · Immunity from hepatitis B vaccination
The vaccine contains surface antigen, so it produces anti-HBs only. A negative anti-HBc shows there has been no natural infection, and a negative HBsAg rules out current infection.
답: C · 혈액 농축을 동반한 탈수
혈장 수분이 줄면 적혈구(헤마토크릿 상승)와 소변(높은 비중)이 농축되고 BUN이 오릅니다. 수분 과다는 반대 양상을 보입니다.확인 출처: Hematocrit Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024); BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
답: D · 만성 CO₂ 저류와 대사성 보상을 동반한 COPD
중증 COPD처럼 만성 CO₂ 저류에서는 신장이 며칠에 걸쳐 중탄산염을 보유하고 pH를 정상 쪽, 흔히 범위의 낮은 쪽으로 되돌립니다. 케톤산증과 설사는 중탄산염을 낮추고, 아스피린 과다 복용은 PaCO₂를 낮추는 빠른 호흡을 일으킵니다.확인 출처: Respiratory Acidosis · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf)
답: D · It increases the risk of wound infection, bleeding and cardiac complications
Inadvertent perioperative hypothermia impairs clotting and immune function and increases cardiac events and wound infection. Patients are warmed actively and their temperature monitored.
답: D · Lowering the sodium too fast can cause cerebral oedema
In chronic hypernatraemia, brain cells adapt by holding extra solutes. If sodium falls too quickly, water moves into brain cells and causes cerebral oedema, so correction is controlled.
답: C · Hold a pillow firmly against the wound while coughing
Splinting the incision with a pillow or folded towel supports the wound, reduces pain and makes effective coughing easier. Combined with good analgesia and deep breathing, this helps clear secretions and prevents atelectasis and pneumonia.
답: A · Whether the patient is taking the medicines as prescribed
Before labelling hypertension as resistant, adherence, measurement technique, white-coat effect and interacting substances (NSAIDs, decongestants, alcohol, liquorice) should be checked. Side effects, cost and complex regimens are common reasons for missed doses.
답: D · Venous thrombosis
In nephrotic syndrome, anticoagulant proteins such as antithrombin are lost, and clotting factors made by the liver rise, so venous thrombosis is more likely. Infection and high cholesterol are other complications.
답: C · Fluid is being removed too quickly
Muscle cramps and hypotension during dialysis are often due to rapid or excessive fluid removal. Staff may reduce the ultrafiltration rate and give saline per protocol. The dry weight may need to be reviewed.
답: C · They can reduce the absorption of many other drugs
Antacids can bind or change the absorption of drugs such as some antibiotics (tetracyclines, quinolones), iron and levothyroxine. Doses are usually separated by a couple of hours.
답: D · Ascending cholangitis
Fever, jaundice and right upper quadrant pain suggest infection of an obstructed bile duct. It can rapidly cause sepsis and needs blood cultures, IV antibiotics, fluids and urgent biliary drainage, usually by ERCP.
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