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Which hemoglobin value in an adult man is within the typical reference range?

1. A5.5 g/dL (55 g/L)
2. B20.5 g/dL (205 g/L)
3. C15.0 g/dL (150 g/L)
4. D9.0 g/dL (90 g/L)

What is the main role of platelets?

1. ATo carry oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood
2. BTo break down old red cells in the spleen
3. CTo produce antibodies against bacteria and viruses
4. DTo form a plug at the site of vessel injury

What is the effect of insulin on serum potassium?

1. AIt moves potassium into cells, lowering the serum level
2. BIt moves potassium out of cells, raising the serum level
3. CIt has no effect on potassium in any amount
4. DIt makes the kidneys keep more potassium in the blood

A patient on a heparin infusion has an aPTT below the target range on the protocol. What should the nurse do?

1. AContinue the same rate and recheck the aPTT in a few days
2. BAdjust the rate as the protocol directs and recheck as scheduled
3. CStop the infusion and give protamine sulfate as quickly as possible
4. DSwitch the infusion to oral warfarin without a prescription

A patient has a calcium of 11.8 mg/dL (2.95 mmol/L) from bone metastases. Which nursing measure is appropriate?

1. AGive calcium carbonate antacids for nausea
2. BOffer extra milk and cheese at each meal
3. CEncourage fluids and mobility as tolerated
4. DEncourage bed rest and limit oral fluids

A healthy patient's result is slightly outside the laboratory reference range, and all other results are normal. Which statement best explains why this can happen?

1. AReference ranges include every healthy person without exception
2. BReference ranges are the same in every laboratory worldwide
3. CRanges cover about 95% of healthy people, so some fall outside
4. DAny result outside the range always means disease is present

A 5-year-old has new bruising and petechiae two weeks after a viral illness. Platelets are 12 × 10³/µL; hemoglobin, white cell count and clotting times are normal. Which condition is most likely?

1. AAcute leukemia
2. BImmune thrombocytopenia (ITP)
3. CDisseminated intravascular coagulation
4. DHemophilia A

A patient has a continuous heparin infusion for a pulmonary embolism. A new nurse plans to adjust the infusion using today's INR of 1.1. What should the experienced nurse explain?

1. AHeparin needs no laboratory monitoring once the infusion is started
2. BThe INR of 1.1 means the heparin rate must be doubled at once
3. CHeparin is adjusted using the aPTT or anti-Xa level, not the INR
4. DThe INR is the correct test, and 1.1 means heparin is therapeutic