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Which ECG change is linked to hypercalcemia?

1. AA shortened QT interval
2. BTall, peaked T waves
3. CProminent U waves
4. DA prolonged QT interval

세포 밖 체액의 주된 음이온은 무엇인가요?

1. A칼륨
2. B염화물
3. C인산염
4. D중탄산염

A laboratory reports that a blood sample is "hemolyzed." What does this mean?

1. ARed cells in the sample have broken open
2. BThe sample contains too many platelets
3. CThe sample was taken from an artery
4. DThe sample has a very low hemoglobin

A patient's potassium is unexpectedly 5.8 mEq/L. The sample was taken after the tourniquet was on for several minutes while the patient pumped their fist. What is the best interpretation?

1. AFist pumping lowers potassium, so the true level is even higher
2. BThe result confirms true hyperkalemia and needs no further checking
3. CThe result may be falsely high and should be repeated with better technique
4. DTourniquet time affects only the glucose result, not the potassium

A stool test for Clostridioides difficile is ordered. Which sample is appropriate?

1. AA formed, hard stool sample
2. BAny stool after a laxative dose
3. CA rectal swab from a patient with constipation
4. DAn unformed (liquid or soft) stool

A patient receives repeated nebulized albuterol (salbutamol) for severe asthma. Which laboratory change should the nurse watch for?

1. AA fall in blood glucose
2. BA fall in serum potassium
3. CA rise in serum calcium
4. DA rise in serum sodium

A patient receiving IV magnesium sulfate has a respiratory rate of 9/min and absent patellar reflexes. After stopping the infusion, which medication should the nurse expect to give?

1. APotassium chloride
2. BProtamine sulfate
3. CSodium bicarbonate
4. DCalcium gluconate

During surgery under general anesthesia, a patient develops a rising end-tidal CO₂, muscle rigidity and tachycardia, then a high potassium and a rising temperature. Which condition is most likely?

1. AHypoglycemia from fasting
2. BHypovolemic shock
3. CMalignant hyperthermia
4. DAcute hemolytic transfusion reaction