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호흡곤란 환자에서 B형 나트륨이뇨펩티드(BNP) 상승이 가장 강하게 뒷받침하는 질환은 무엇인가요?

1. A심부전
2. B천식 발작
3. C폐렴
4. D공황 발작

What is a typical reference range for urine specific gravity in an adult?

1. AAbout 1.040–1.060
2. BAbout 1.100–1.300
3. CAbout 1.005–1.030
4. DAbout 0.900–0.990

What does the term pancytopenia mean?

1. AHigh white cells with low platelets
2. BHigh red cells, white cells and platelets
3. CLow red cells, white cells and platelets
4. DLow red cells with normal platelets

A patient with schizophrenia is starting clozapine. Which laboratory value must be monitored regularly?

1. AInternational normalized ratio
2. BSerum amylase
3. CSerum lithium level
4. DAbsolute neutrophil count

A patient has a calcium of 7.0 mg/dL (1.75 mmol/L) and tingling around the mouth. Which nursing measure is most appropriate?

1. AEncourage 3 L of fluid per day to dilute the calcium
2. BLimit dairy products until the level falls again
3. CPut seizure precautions in place and report the result
4. DPromote walking to move calcium back into the bone

Which blood collection practice helps prevent hemolysis of the sample?

1. ALeaving the tourniquet on for at least 3 minutes
2. BForcing blood quickly through a needle into the tube
3. CUsing the smallest needle available for every patient
4. DGently inverting the tubes instead of shaking them

An 82-year-old woman without a catheter has a urine culture growing bacteria, but no fever, urinary symptoms or change in mental state. What is the best interpretation?

1. AA urinary tract infection that needs urgent IV antibiotics
2. BPyelonephritis, which needs admission and IV fluids today
3. CAsymptomatic bacteriuria, usually not treated with antibiotics
4. DContamination, so the culture must be repeated every week

A patient with cirrhosis and ascites has fever and abdominal tenderness. The ascitic fluid neutrophil count is 400 cells/mm³. What does this indicate?

1. ANormal ascitic fluid in cirrhosis
2. BSpontaneous bacterial peritonitis
3. CBleeding into the abdominal cavity
4. DMalignant ascites from cancer