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What is the typical range of urine pH?

1. AAbout 9.0–11.0
2. BAbout 1.0–2.0
3. CAbout 4.5–8.0
4. DAbout 7.35–7.45

A positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) test means:

1. AThe person currently has hepatitis B infection
2. BThe person has never met the virus
3. CThe person had hepatitis A in the past
4. DThe person is immune from vaccination only

Which hormone is measured in blood or urine to test for pregnancy?

1. AAntidiuretic hormone (ADH)
2. BFollicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
3. CThyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
4. DHuman chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

A patient with sepsis has a lactate of 2.1 mmol/L on admission and 4.3 mmol/L two hours later, despite IV fluids. What does this suggest?

1. AExpected muscle activity from shivering in fever
2. BA normal response to IV fluids in the first hours
3. CWorsening tissue perfusion that needs urgent reporting
4. DImproving circulation as the fluids start to work

A patient with pneumonia had a CRP of 180 mg/L on admission and 40 mg/L after 4 days of antibiotics. What does this most likely show?

1. AThe inflammation is settling with treatment
2. BThe patient has developed a new infection
3. CThe antibiotic is causing liver damage
4. DThe infection has spread to another organ

A patient is scheduled for a liver biopsy. Which laboratory results should the nurse check before the procedure?

1. ASerum sodium and chloride
2. BPlatelet count and PT/INR
3. CHbA1c and lipid panel
4. DTSH and free T₄

A patient on high-dose dexamethasone has a white cell count of 15 × 10³/µL, mostly mature neutrophils with no bands. They have no fever and no signs of infection. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AA steroid effect that moves neutrophils into the circulating blood
2. BA new leukemia that is confirmed by this result alone
3. CA laboratory error, because steroids always lower the white count
4. DCertain sepsis that needs antibiotics started without delay

A middle-aged man has fatigue, joint pain, a raised ALT and new diabetes. His ferritin is very high and his transferrin saturation is above 60%. Which condition is most likely?

1. AHereditary hemochromatosis
2. BAnemia of chronic disease
3. CIron-deficiency anemia
4. DAcute viral hepatitis A