정답이 있는 내외과: 심혈관계와 호흡기계 학습지

When is pneumonia classed as hospital-acquired?

1. AWhen the patient had symptoms before admission
2. BOnly when it is caused by a virus
3. CWhen it starts within the first hour after admission
4. DWhen it starts 48 hours or more after admission

Which sound is typical of a pleural friction rub?

1. AA creaking, grating sound with each breath
2. BA high-pitched musical sound on expiration
3. CA harsh sound on breathing in from the throat
4. DFine bubbling sounds that clear with coughing

During manual blood pressure measurement, what does the first clear tapping sound (Korotkoff phase 1) mark?

1. AThe pulse pressure
2. BThe diastolic pressure
3. CThe systolic pressure
4. DThe mean arterial pressure

흉통 환자가 니트로글리세린을 요청합니다. 간호사가 투약을 보류하고 처방자에게 연락해야 하는 정보는?

1. A환자가 오늘 일찍 실데나필을 복용했다
2. B환자의 혈압이 150/90 mmHg이다
3. C환자가 매일 스타틴을 복용한다
4. D환자가 지난주에 두통이 있었다

A 70 kg patient has passed 20 mL of urine per hour for the last three hours. How should this be interpreted?

1. ANormal, because the target is 0.1 mL/kg/h
2. BHigh, suggesting fluid overload that needs a diuretic
3. CNormal, because any measurable urine output is reassuring
4. DBelow 0.5 mL/kg/h, suggesting poor kidney perfusion

Which skin changes around the ankles are typical of chronic venous insufficiency?

1. AA sharply defined red patch with fever
2. BBrown staining, swelling and dry, itchy skin
3. CPale, shiny, hairless skin with weak pulses
4. DA cold, white foot with no pulse

A nurse is reviewing four telemetry patients. Which rhythm needs attention first?

1. ARate-controlled atrial fibrillation at 82/min
2. BRepeated runs of ventricular tachycardia in a patient who feels dizzy
3. CSinus bradycardia of 54/min in a patient who is asleep and comfortable
4. DFirst-degree heart block with a stable blood pressure and no symptoms

A patient with both COPD and heart disease is more breathless, with bilateral basal crackles, raised JVP, ankle swelling and a markedly raised NT-proBNP. Which problem is most likely driving this episode?

1. AAn asthma attack
2. BA primary spontaneous pneumothorax
3. CHyperventilation from anxiety
4. DDecompensated heart failure