정답이 있는 내외과: 심혈관계와 호흡기계 학습지

성인에서 표준 비강 캐뉼라로 산소를 줄 때의 일반적인 유량 범위는?

1. A0.1~0.2 L/min
2. B10~15 L/min
3. C20~40 L/min
4. D1~6 L/min

What is the normal duration of the QRS complex on an adult ECG?

1. ALess than 0.12 seconds
2. BMore than 0.50 seconds
3. CExactly 1 second
4. DBetween 0.20 and 0.40 seconds

What does the term "dyspnoea" mean?

1. AThe feeling of difficult or uncomfortable breathing
2. BA complete stop in breathing lasting over 10 seconds
3. CA breathing rate above 20 breaths per minute at rest
4. DBreathing that is deeper than normal

A patient on nasal cannula oxygen breathes mainly through the mouth. What is the most accurate statement?

1. AIt can still work, because oxygen collects in the nasopharynx
2. BThe flow must be increased to 15 L/min to make it work at all
3. CIt has no effect at all in mouth breathers and must be stopped
4. DThe cannula should be placed in the mouth

How does digoxin help a patient with atrial fibrillation and heart failure?

1. AIt slows AV node conduction and increases contractility
2. BIt lowers potassium to stabilise the heart
3. CIt speeds conduction through the AV node to the ventricles
4. DIt dissolves clots that have formed in the left atrium

Suspected pulmonary TB is being investigated. How are sputum samples usually collected?

1. AA single sample after the first week of treatment
2. BA swab from the nose only
3. COne sample of saliva collected at any time of the day
4. DSeveral samples, ideally including early-morning sputum

A patient with pneumonia has a heart rate of 118/min, BP 86/50 mmHg, RR 28/min and a high lactate. Sepsis is recognised. Which action should not be delayed?

1. AGive oral antibiotics and reassess the next day
2. BTake blood cultures and give IV antibiotics within the first hour
3. CDelay fluids until a chest X-ray has been reported
4. DWait for the sputum culture result before choosing an antibiotic

During tracheal suctioning, a patient's heart rate drops from 88/min to 48/min. What should the nurse do?

1. AIncrease the suction pressure to finish faster
2. BGive a dose of atropine without a prescription
3. CContinue suctioning until the airway is completely clear
4. DStop suctioning, give oxygen and monitor the patient