정답이 있는 내외과: 심혈관계와 호흡기계 학습지

Which examination findings are typical of a large pleural effusion?

1. AHyper-resonance and a loud wheeze over the affected side
2. BDullness to percussion and reduced breath sounds
3. CNormal percussion and bronchial breathing
4. DCoarse crackles that clear on coughing

What is pitting oedema?

1. ASwelling that keeps a dent for a while after firm pressure
2. BSwelling that is hard and does not dent at all when pressed
3. CA small sore that forms on the shin
4. DRedness of the skin that turns white when it is pressed

Which structure is the heart's natural pacemaker?

1. AThe bundle of His
2. BThe Purkinje fibres
3. CThe atrioventricular (AV) node
4. DThe sinoatrial (SA) node

The telemetry monitor suddenly shows a chaotic waveform resembling ventricular fibrillation, but the patient is talking and brushing their teeth. What should the nurse do first?

1. ADeliver an immediate defibrillation shock before checking anything
2. BCheck the patient and the electrodes, as this is likely artefact
3. CStart chest compressions straight away and call the arrest team
4. DGive IV amiodarone as a bolus

What is the purpose of cardiac resynchronisation therapy (a biventricular pacemaker)?

1. ATo make both ventricles contract together and more efficiently
2. BTo replace a damaged heart valve
3. CTo deliver a shock whenever the heart rate exceeds 100/min
4. DTo slow the atrial rate in patients with atrial fibrillation

흉관 안의 액체가 더 이상 요동하지 않습니다. 무엇을 뜻할 수 있습니까?

1. A반대쪽에 새로운 기흉이 생겼다
2. B폐가 다시 펴졌거나 관이 꺾였거나 막혔다
3. C통의 물 높이가 너무 높아 움직이지 못한다
4. D배액통이 복부를 배액하기 시작했다

심근경색에서 회복 중인 환자가 일상으로 돌아가는 것을 불안해합니다. 회복을 가장 잘 돕는 중재는?

1. A심장 재활 의뢰
2. B몸이 나아지면 약을 끊으라는 조언
3. C모든 운동을 영구히 피하라는 조언
4. D3개월간 침상 안정을 하라는 조언

After positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is increased on a ventilated patient, the blood pressure falls. What is the most likely reason?

1. APEEP lowers the blood oxygen level
2. BPEEP causes immediate blood loss from the alveolar capillaries
3. CPEEP directly weakens the heart muscle and its contraction
4. DHigher chest pressure reduces venous return to the heart