정답이 있는 내외과: 심혈관계와 호흡기계 학습지

When is pneumonia classed as hospital-acquired?

1. AOnly when it is caused by a virus
2. BWhen it starts within the first hour after admission
3. CWhen it starts 48 hours or more after admission
4. DWhen the patient had symptoms before admission

Which organism is the most common bacterial cause of community-acquired pneumonia?

1. ACandida albicans
2. BStreptococcus pneumoniae
3. CEscherichia coli
4. DClostridioides difficile

On spirometry, what is the forced vital capacity (FVC)?

1. AThe volume of one normal resting breath
2. BThe volume of air blown out in the first second of the test only
3. CThe total volume blown out forcefully after a full breath in
4. DThe volume of air that is left in the lungs after breathing out

Why is a non-selective beta-blocker such as propranolol usually avoided in a patient with asthma?

1. AIt can cause bronchospasm by blocking beta-2 receptors
2. BIt makes inhaled corticosteroids work too strongly
3. CIt raises the heart rate sharply during an acute asthma attack
4. DIt thickens airway mucus by drying the airways

A patient has exercise-induced asthma. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. AUse the reliever inhaler shortly before exercise and warm up
2. BAvoid all forms of exercise permanently to prevent attacks
3. CExercise only in cold, dry air to toughen the airways
4. DTake a beta-blocker before exercise

A nurse measures blood pressure on a large upper arm using a cuff that is too small. What effect will this have?

1. AThe reading will be falsely high
2. BOnly the pulse rate will be affected
3. CThe reading will be falsely low
4. DThe reading will be accurate but slower

A patient with severe aortic stenosis is prescribed glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) for chest pain. Why should the nurse use particular caution?

1. AVasodilators can cause a severe fall in BP with a fixed outflow obstruction
2. BThere is no reason for caution, because GTN acts only on the coronary arteries
3. CGTN raises the blood pressure dangerously in aortic stenosis
4. DGTN makes the narrowed aortic valve tighten further within a few minutes

A patient on three blood pressure drugs still has high readings at every visit. What should the nurse check first?

1. AWhether the patient needs surgery on the renal arteries
2. BWhether the patient is taking the medicines as prescribed
3. CWhether the readings should be ignored
4. DWhether a fourth drug can be added at today's appointment