정답이 있는 내외과: 심혈관계와 호흡기계 학습지

What is the normal duration of the QRS complex on an adult ECG?

1. ABetween 0.20 and 0.40 seconds
2. BMore than 0.50 seconds
3. CLess than 0.12 seconds
4. DExactly 1 second

What is a "barrel chest"?

1. AA curved spine that bends to one side and twists the ribs
2. BA sunken breastbone that has been present since birth
3. CA chest that moves inward on breathing in
4. DA wider front-to-back chest diameter from air trapping

Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) is most strongly linked with which factor?

1. ADrinking coffee
2. BSmoking tobacco
3. CLack of sleep
4. DA high-salt diet

A patient choosing between a mechanical and a biological heart valve asks about the main difference. Which answer is accurate?

1. AMechanical valves last longer but need lifelong anticoagulation
2. BBiological valves last longer but need lifelong warfarin
3. CMechanical valves wear out within one year
4. DBoth types need no medicines after surgery

Which skin changes around the ankles are typical of chronic venous insufficiency?

1. AA cold, white foot with no pulse
2. BBrown staining, swelling and dry, itchy skin
3. CPale, shiny, hairless skin with weak pulses
4. DA sharply defined red patch with fever

Virchow's triad describes three factors that promote venous thrombosis. Which patient factor represents venous stasis?

1. ADamage to a vein during hip surgery
2. BImmobility after major surgery
3. CAn inherited clotting disorder
4. DTaking an oestrogen-containing pill

Two days after coronary artery bypass surgery, a patient feels palpitations. The pulse is irregularly irregular at 140/min and BP is 112/70 mmHg. Which rhythm is most likely?

1. ASinus tachycardia
2. BVentricular fibrillation
3. CComplete heart block
4. DAtrial fibrillation

A patient with severe COPD has increasing ankle oedema and a raised JVP, but no crackles and a normal left ventricle on echocardiography. Which condition is most likely?

1. ACor pulmonale
2. BDeep vein thrombosis
3. CLeft ventricular failure
4. DAortic stenosis